SPANISH CALIFORNIA. “CALIFORNIA” Spanish lit. Estevanico.

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Presentation transcript:

SPANISH CALIFORNIA

“CALIFORNIA” Spanish lit.

Estevanico

Coronado

De Soto

16 TH CENT West

CABRILLO 1542 San Miguel First Lit. interest

DRAKE English, 1579 Negative Too cold Natives Religious rituals “ghosts” Exchange

Vizcaíno 1602 Renamed

160 yrs.+ Spain: no more Isolation Low status

SPANISH AMERICA Economics- produce wealth Convert natives Centralized control: no-democracy Difficult settle northern areas

SPAIN Politics+religion Diff. perspectives

José de Gálvez King’s deputy (1765) Russian threat Colonize Alta CA Unstable ? Assisted U.S.?

FRANCISCANS Fr. Junípero Serra Discipline, sacrifice Convert natives, acculturate them into settlers. ?: missions

Portolá

“SACRED EXPEDITION” First settlement San Diego: July 16, missions

PRESIDIO Defense

PUEBLO Agricultural town ?: food presidios 3

Felipe de Neve, 1781 El pueblo de nuestra senora la reina de los angeles de rio de porciuncula “our lady of the queen of angels” “Los Angeles” “Angeles” = city of angels?

Alta CA: desolate Early settlers: convicts ?: Settlers urban, not rural ignorance of area CA Indians

RACIAL HIERARCY “rationals” “irrationals”

MISSIONS Natives: happy, mission life preferred Questionable

Convert, save natives

LIFE Education Punishment Women Assault

RESISTANCE Many resisted Passive violence

MISSION? Mission period: 75% decline ??? Agriculture Indio labor

PEOPLE Majority: mixed Half families L.A.: part African

SOCIETY Patriarchal Scarce: Spanish women Mixing Rape, assault

Family: core

ALTA CA Little devel non-Natives (1821) Private rancho??

POLITICS Governor Military Towns Local, self-gvt.

ISOLATION CA: fringe Ex-soldiers, criminals

Explore interior? Mission Soledad (30 miles in) Little inland

FOREIGNERS French English Observations?

RUSSIANS Nikolai Rezanov S.F., 1806 Concepcion Arguello, 15

REBELLION

CAUSE? Peninsulars vs. criolles Indigenous oppression Spanish legitimacy?

Philosophy? Enlightenment Other rebellions Taxation

MIGUEL HIDALGO Y COSTILLA Criollo Rebellious Priest Children “outcry against tyranny”

UPRISING: SEPT 16, 1810 Hidalgo: “Grito de Dolores” Revolt commences!

REPUBLIC OF MEXICO (1821)

CA Oblivious rebellion Backwater outpost

Garrisons, military loyal Spain

CA: Little comforts - supplies from N. Spain Presidios/pueblos vs. Missions

SIGNIFICANCE? Spanish culture into 19 th ….and today Cities, architecture Language