JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY J.Q. Adams Elected in 1824 Jackson Elected in 1828 Democratization Indian Removal The Nullification Crisis The Bank War

John Quincy Adams

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS The Election of 1824: House run-off The Election of 1824: House run-off –“Corrupt Bargain” Adams’ Background: Son of John Adams Adams’ Background: Son of John Adams –Highly educated, linguist –Diplomatic victories: Monroe Doctrine, Florida Achievements: National improvements, Achievements: National improvements, –National university, weights & measures Weakness: Too intellectual Weakness: Too intellectual –No connection with public, high morals –Not a populists: family ties and personality

Andrew Jackson Election of 1828: Birth of Democratic Party Election of 1828: Birth of Democratic Party –Adams v. Jackson. Nasty campaign. Jacksonian Era Politics Jacksonian Era Politics –Two party system: Van Buren –Enthusiastic participation: parades, high vote –Party conventions 1832 Democratization: all white men equal Democratization: all white men equal –no property qualifications, equal under law –“Common Man” anti elitism, equal society –Wide newspaper circulation, public education

Andrew Jackson

JACKSON PRESIDENCY Political Ideology: Jeffersonian, anti-elite Political Ideology: Jeffersonian, anti-elite –Nationalistic, rotation in office, spoil system, –Veto, President is the only national office. –Vetoes Maryland Road: served only one state –Personality: strong will, never loses –His enemies are evil, (Eaton affair). Indian Removal Indian Removal –Worcester v. Georgia –Jackson supports Georgia, ignores Supreme Court –Trail of Tears: Cherokees to Oklahoma

Trail of Tears: 1838

Nullification Crisis Congress raise tariffs in 1828 and 1832 Congress raise tariffs in 1828 and 1832 Calhoun’s “Exposition” 1828: states have Calhoun’s “Exposition” 1828: states have –The right to nullify bad congressional laws South Carolina’s nullification 1832 South Carolina’s nullification 1832 Jackson raises a army Jackson raises a army Congress passes The Force Bill Congress passes The Force Bill The compromise: Henry Clay The compromise: Henry Clay –Congress lowers tariff, keeps Force Bill –South Carolina backs down Trouble ahead Trouble ahead

John C. Calhoun of South Carolina

Henry Clay of Kentucky

Bank War Second Bank of the United States (SBUS) Nicholas Biddle: president of SBUS 1824 Early vote for re-charter of SBUS 1832 –C–C–C–Clay and Biddle try to trick Jackson Jackson vetoes SBUS, and wins election Jackson withdraws federal funds from SBUS –3–3–3–3rd treasurer Roger Taney’s “pet banks.” Biddle fights back, causes recession, Jackson wins! (Senate Censure) Jackson ends presidency: Democrats rule

Alex De Tocqueville 1831 Democracy in America Democracy in America French aristocrat and writer French aristocrat and writer “Equality of conditions” “Equality of conditions” Hard work, energy, get rich quick Hard work, energy, get rich quick America very Religious, church-state America very Religious, church-state Social organizations, Participation Social organizations, Participation Slavery Slavery