Paleolithic Age vs. Neolithic Age Nomads turned Farmers

Paleolithic Age Old Stone Age –2 million BC to 10,000 BC Homo sapiens appear 150,000 BCE People were nomadic Lived in clans of people Men hunted/fished, women gathered wild fruits/nuts/roots People depended entirely on their environment for their survival –especially the climate

Paleolithic Age… Made simple tools and weapons out of the materials at hand –Stone, bone, wood Developed a spoken (oral) language Invented clothing (wrapped animal skins around their bodies) to protect themselves from the environment Lived in caves & built fires

Paleolithic Age & Cave Art Found all over Europe, Asia, Australia & Africa Painted deer, horses, buffalo, bulls, cows, & stick-figure people. Beginning 35K to 40,000 years ago. Depiction of humans begin 30K – 35,000 ago. Lie deep in the caves. Main colors were red & black, with a little yellow, maroon & violet. –Paint was made out of materials ground into animal fats. The following pictures are from a Cave in Lascaux, France:

Bison

Stag & Reindeer

Great Hall of Bulls

Bull, Red & Brown Horses

Red Bull

Swimming Stags

Two Bulls

Horse

Group of Bull, Horses, Stags

Five Horses & a Cow

Caves in Argentina

Caves in Indonesia

Cave Art Australia

Story of the San Latest cave paintings of hunter gatherers come from the San of Southern Africa. Cave painting tradition died out only around a hundred years ago. Other tradition remain a live (shamanism) What happens in an altered state? Dark spaces of sensory deprivation, abstract imagery, out of body experience, mind emotional importance to certain experiences

Elam & the Man

Shamanism

Abstract Art Appears

Australia

Rise of Megaliths

Spiritual Centers Imagery from these trances became so MEGA that the art and places they were displayed grew in size, sophistication, and importance. What is the logical next step in human evolution?

Cave Art… Recap: 1) How long ago did modern humans appear and when did humans begin to make cave art? 2) Why images were most often painted and why? 3) In what part of the world is most cave art found?

Cave Art… Explore & Analyze: 4) Which was your favorite painting? Why? 5) What is the hypothesis for abstract art found in prehistoric times? 6) What is the significance of shamanism or shamans? 7) What eventually replaces cave art and why?

Lower Paleolithic 2.5 million – 200,000 BCE

Upper Paleolithic 18 miniature sculptures found between 40,000 – 8,000 BCE Venus figurines or miniatures

Lion Man of Hohlenstien Stadel 38,000 Germany Oldest sculpture of animal/human bone

Venus of Gelenberg 30,000 Austria Earliest female figurine stone

Venus of Dolni Vestonice 29,000 Czech Repulic Fertility sculpure Clay (baked at low temperatures)

Venus of Willendorf 25,000 Germany Fertility female sculpture bone

Venus of Monpazier 25,000 France Fertility female sculpture rock

Venus Moravany Slovakia Fertility female sculpture Mammoth tusk

21,000 Russia Fertility female sculpture Mammoth tusk

Venus of Monruz & Engan 13,000 – 10,000 BCE Switzerland & Germany Female figurine Black jet

Venus of Brassempouy 23,000 BCE SW France Miniature human depiction Ivory

Europe’s Venus Figurines

Mesolithic Age Middle Stone Age –10,000 to 7,000 BC Groups of people started to settle & stay in one place, but not permanently

Neolithic Age New Stone Age –Started about 7,000 BC Learned how to farm, which allowed them to stay in one place –Slash & Burn agriculture Built permanent villages Developed advanced tools Domesticated plants & animals Pottery & Weaving Skills

Neolithic Age… Neolithic Agricultural Revolution (the change from hunting and gathering to farming) Led to a growth in population –Which led to the decline in women’s status, as men controlled family, economic & political life Led to trade & accumulation of wealth Led to the development of new technology –Calendars, plow, arrowhead, ax heads

Stonehenge An archeological  An Archeological site in England built during the Neolithic Age (finished in the Bronze Age)

Aleppo & Jericho Aleppo and Jericho are examples of early cities in the Fertile Crescent studied by Archaeolo- gists.

Catalhoyuk Catalhoyuk is an example of a Neolithic settlement currently under excavation in Anatolia (Turkey).

Paleolithic vs. Neolithic Food: Hunting and gathering Dwellings: Caves, nomadic people Technology: Digging sticks, spears, axes, & spoken language Religion & Art: Cave paintings, religious statues, belief in afterlife Food: Farming, domesticated animals Dwellings: Permanent villages, stone houses Technology: Stone tools, polished ax heads, arrowheads, weaving cloth, calendar, wheel Religion & Art: Megaliths, Temples, Jewelry,