„Theory of everything“ Superstring theory Barboříková Kristýna

Introduction To unite all four fundamental forces To unite all four fundamental forces To harmonize theory of general relativity with quantum mechanics To harmonize theory of general relativity with quantum mechanics The first superstring revolution in 1985 The first superstring revolution in 1985 Five separated theories Five separated theories Solved by the second superstring revolution in 1994 Solved by the second superstring revolution in 1994

M-theory Single fundamental underlying theory Single fundamental underlying theory

Why strings? No thickness, but have length – one dimensional No thickness, but have length – one dimensional Planck length – the smallest size Planck length – the smallest size Open, closed strings Open, closed strings

Extra dimensions 10 – dimensional spacetime 10 – dimensional spacetime Six extra dimensions are curled into tiny ball = compactification (at the instant of the Big Bang) Six extra dimensions are curled into tiny ball = compactification (at the instant of the Big Bang)

Ten dimensional space

D-branes Special class of p – branes Special class of p – branes Important in understanding black holes Important in understanding black holes (intersection of p – branes)

Black holes

Derivation of the Bekenstein – Hawking entropy Derivation of the Bekenstein – Hawking entropy Strings close to a black hole (D – brane)

Gravity Einstein’s theory – curvature of spacetime Einstein’s theory – curvature of spacetime Graviton Graviton Splitting and rejoining of strings Splitting and rejoining of strings

Sources eDiry.htm eDiry.htm eDiry.htm eDiry.htm Diploma thesis written by Michal Fabinger Diploma thesis written by Michal Fabinger Stephen Hawking – Stručná historie času v obrazech Stephen Hawking – Stručná historie času v obrazech Stephen Hawking – Vesmír v kostce Stephen Hawking – Vesmír v kostce

Do you believe that everything is formed by strings?