Judaism and Christianity Chapter 25 Section 3 Judaism and Christianity

History of Jews Hebrews (later called Jews) moved from Palestine (Israel) to Egypt Drought & famine forced them out of Palestine/Canaan In Egypt-enslaved Eventually Moses helped the Hebrews to escape Led to Sinai Peninsula (eventually to Palestine) Voice of God told him that the Hebrews were the chosen people of God as long as they were faithful

History of Jews Cont. God had made a covenant (binding agreement) & therefore accepted God as the ruler of Heaven & Earth Called Jews b/c of the name Judea which was given to their land

Left Sinai Peninsula (Egypt) for Fertile Crescent & formed Israel Frequently threatened by invaders WHY? (pg 563) no natural barriers, fertile land 2 great Kings David- skilled general United Israel Made it a power in M.E Solomon-wise Peaceful Built palaces & temples to God Heavy taxes to pay for building

After Solomon’s death many revolts (weakened kingdom)foreign rulers conquered & forced Hebrews into exile Were allowed to return under Persians Rebuilt Solomon’s temple in Jerusalem Many foreign leaders ruled them (Persians, Greeks, & Romans) Jews revolted against Romans-war Romans forced survivors out of Palestine The scattering of Jews throughout world is called _____________ (see pg 564) Diaspora

Summary Summarize in one sentence the difficulties the Jews endured before the common era began.

Judaism Monotheism Yahweh-name of God Torah-sacred book Moral/religious laws Thought they were the chosen/special people 10 commandments Religious, ethical, moral laws Forbid stealing, lying, cheating, & murder

Judaism Cont. Believe people/rulers should lead moral lives Prophets-religious teachers Did not regard rulers as Gods Each individual is responsible for his/her actions Messiah-one anointed by God Would deliver from foreign rule God-angry & punish Jesus= troublemaker (rulers)

Christianity Grew out Judaism First 5 books of Bible are from the Torah Jesus is founder Story of life is in Gospel Disciples-followers Jesus is the son of God Teachings in New Testament Monotheism (same God as Jews) 10 commandments Stressed love for God & compassion for all people

Christianity Cont. Forgiving God God sees everyone as equal Parables-short stories w/ moral lessons Wealth doesn’t equal salvation

YES-NO-WHY Christians must live more moral lives than Jews.

Spread of Christianity Peter & Paul were missionaries that spread Jesus’ message Romans tolerated religious beliefs of diverse people However they were suspicious of Christians WHY? (see pg 565) b/c they refused to show respect for Roman Gods Christians were often persecuted Martyrs are (see pg 565) -people who suffer/die b/c of their beliefs

Spread of Christianity Cont. Eventually Roman Emperor Constantine converted to Christianityended persecution By 395AD –Official Religion

Appeal of Christianity Rich & poor Hope of salvation & eternal life Can reach salvation through moral choices (control of own destiny) All equal Pope- father of Church 2 branches of Christianity Roman Catholic-Pope is head Eastern Orthodox-emperor controlled

YES-NO-WHY The Christian and Jewish teachings have influenced life in the US.

Assignment Analyze the following: “The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the Christian Church.” What do you think he meant? Why might this be true?