Reporter: Ching-ting Lin Instructor: Ming-puu Chen Information Communication Technology and the New University A View on e-Learning Cheol, H. O. (2003). Information Communication Technology and the New University: A View on e-Learning. American Academy of Political and Social Science, 585(1),

Main Topic digital era potential of cyberspaceThe meaning of the digital era for higher education by examining the potential of cyberspace. issues of e-Learningclient- centered approachMajor issues of e-Learning and a client- centered approach. students’ and adults’ feeling and awarenessSurveys on both students’ and adults’ feeling and awareness of e-Learning are presented and discussed. Suggestions for helping improve the qualitySuggestions for helping improve the quality of e-Learning will be made.

Introduction human aspectsFew academic studies written on the human aspects of teaching on the Internet instructional design processThe instructional design process has the biggest effect on final course/program quality － not the use of technology students or potential usersAnother important player in e-Learning, that is, students or potential users

Major Issues of e-Learning (1) How to offer the promise of –Anytime, anywhere, and anyway teaching –Producing greater learning effectiveness –Improving learner-centered approaches –Better quality of interaction increase access to educationHow to increase access to education decrease in instructional quality but not decrease in instructional quality

Major Issues of e-Learning (2) qualityIssues on the quality of online education –Three dimensions to quality standards (Hellesheim 1998) Organizational criteria Technological criteria Instructional criteria computer skills building information infrastructureHow much attention should be given to teach computer skills and investments in building information infrastructure

Major Issues of e-Learning (3) Autonomy 自律 Dropout rates Social skill –Interacting via computer network –Collaboration

A view of the Client-Centered Approach (1) students expect to adjust overall designPay attention to what students expect from online education and to adjust, if necessary, the overall design of eLearning improve the quality of educationlearning on the Internet is to improve the quality of education for students achieve the desired and intended endsThe purpose of e-Learning is to achieve the desired and intended ends encouragementEven though the means for online interaction and participation are provided, students still need encouragement or motivation to get involved

A view of the Client-Centered Approach (2) four principlesRapp and Poertner (1992, 16-26) proposed four principles of the client- centered approach in social administration: –venerating clients 尊重 –creating and maintaining focus –demonstrating a healthy disrespect for the impossible –learning for a living

A view of the Client-Centered Approach (3) How do instructors view students as having abilities motives, expectations, purposes, backgrounds –Instructors need to know the students‘ motives, expectations, purposes, backgrounds students are major players –Instructors need to promote the idea that students are major players This point is particularly meaningful in the sense that eLearning courses often face multiple constituencies ( 顧客 ) student advocacy –Instructors need to have a student advocacy perspective toward their own jobs.

An Understanding of Learner as Client A Look at the Reality Sample: 166 students who enrolled in nine distance learning universities in Korea 57 questions of interest associated with the overall picture of e-Learning –20 questions are about teaching and learning –10 questions are about students themselves

TABLE 1 Satisfaction with e-Learning and Interaction

Implications (1) improve pedagogical skills and methodThis indicates the institutions needs to improve pedagogical skills and method. content and instructional strategiesIt is content and instructional strategies that motivate the learner. Most interaction between teachers and students is made through questions and answers.

TABLE 2 & 3 Satisfaction with the Content of Teaching & What Students Learn

Implications (2&3) The adoption of ICT does not automatically lead to improving students’ learning. It needs strategies relevant to the changing context. Taking courses on the Internet also helped to improve communication skills.

TABLE 4 Awareness of e-Learning (overall and by Education)

Implications (4) Sample: a telephone survey with 1,005 adults between ages 20 and 50 through a clustering sampling method Korean adults are generally well aware of and with high expectations on e-Learning irrespective varies with educationThis finding holds irrespective of age, location, and sex,however, varies with education. People are relatively little aware of benefits on the Web. (e.g. obtaining degrees by taking courses)

TABLE 5 & 6 Reasons for taking web-based course

Concluding Remarks & Suggestion strategically designing instructionsInstructors need to develop courses on the Internet by strategically designing instructions. cognitive interactionMore cognitive interaction between instructors and students is needed. satisfaction with the coursesStudents’ satisfaction with the courses they took on the Internet is not high. –Instructors need to be more aggressive in articulating strategies for course management, especially motivating students to get involved in the courses

END Thanks for listening~^^~