Quarantine and Movement Control Overview Adapted from the FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine and Movement Control (2014)

Definition of relevant terms Authority of responsible agencies FAD response activities General QMC considerations Concepts of permitting Personnel This Presentation USDA APHIS and CFSPH2FAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview

Quarantine – Stringent restrictions – Prohibits movement from specified premises, area, or region Hold order – Temporary, during investigation – Usually under State authority Standstill notice – Temporary, prohibits new movement – Federal authority/official notice Definitions USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview3

Movement control – Controls movement in Control Area – Movement from premises with no evidence of infection – Permits based on criteria Continuity of business (COB) – Managed movement for specific commodity Definitions cont’d USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview4

1.Detect, control, contain FAD quickly 2.Eradicate FAD, protective strategies 3.Facilitate COB for non-infected animals and products Allow farms to resume normal operations and U.S. to regain disease-free status as quickly as possible Goals of FAD Response USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview5

Preparedness goals – Develop effective QMC plans for affected locations – Develop effective movement control and permit plans for non-infected locations Response goals – Implement QMC quickly – Consider competing priorities - disease transmission vs. critical movements Goals of QMC USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview6

Authorities 7USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview

APHIS authority through AHPA Act Secretary of Ag is authorized to: – Prevent, detect, control, and eradicate diseases and pests of animals – Protect animal, human health and welfare, and economic interests – Prohibit importation, entry or interstate movement throughout US – Prevent the introduction or dissemination of disease Federal Authority USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview8

Initially, State, Tribal, local authorities and resources Authority granted to SAHO varies Quarantine – May be issued on FAD detection or suspicion – Scope based on specific authority – Intended to control disease intrastate Extraordinary emergency (USDA) – Authorized to control intrastate, interstate, and international movement State Authority USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview9

Response to a Foreign Animal Disease Outbreak 10USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview

Critical Activities Critical Activities and Tools for Containment, Control, and Eradication Public awareness campaign Swift imposition of effective QMC Rapid diagnosis and reporting Epidemiological investigation and tracing Increased surveillance COB measures for non-infected animals and non-contaminated animal products Biosecurity measures Cleaning and disinfection measures Effective and appropriate disposal procedures Mass depopulation and euthanasia (as response strategy indicates) Emergency vaccination (as the response strategy indicates) USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview11

Zones, Areas, Premises USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview12

General Considerations for Quarantine and Movement Control 13USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview

Coordination conducted through ICS Planning enhances efficiency – Determine authorities – Identify resources – Identify agricultural routes – Develop communications plans – Ensure appropriate supplies – Understand roles and responsibilities 14 Coordination and Planning USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview

Progression of Activities 15USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview

Individual Premises Quarantine (Typically State) 16USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview

State authority varies by State Criteria for issuance varies by State Animals may, or may not be present – Notify owner/agent and secure premises – Establish biosecurity and restrict movement – Develop contingency plans Prepare for essential movement and medical emergencies Implementing Premises Quarantine 17USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview

Area or Region Quarantine (Typically Federal) 18USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview

Federal authority to quarantine a Control Area – Disease agent, trading considerations, State-specific issues, epidemiology Appear as Federal Register Notice In addition to premises quarantines Unified Command, State and Federal States efforts reimbursed Implementing Federal Area Quarantine 19USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview

Premises quarantine released if confident with disease status Federal area quarantine released with Federal Register notice – Does not need to be all at once – Portions at a time reducing the size of Control Area – Trade considerations or epidemiologic information Quarantine Release 20USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview

Movement Control and Permitting 21USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview

Moving animals, animal products, and fomites Broad Guidance – – APHIS Foreign Animal Disease Framework: Response Strategies (FAD PReP Manual 2-0) Specific criteria – Science – Risk of disease transmission – Circumstances of the outbreak 22 Control Area Movements USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview

COB, managed movement – Specific criteria for movement Voluntary participation Criteria – Surveillance – Cleaning, disinfection – Biosecurity measures – Epidemiological information USDA APHIS and CFSPH23 Continuity of Business FAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview

Biosecure movement - three types – Essential movements – Commonly allowed movements – Voluntary COB movements Considers risk assessments, surveillance, biosecurity, national and OIE standards EMRS 2.0 is the system of record for any FAD incident 24 Permitting USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview

Enforce requirements – May require permit for movement Verifies vehicle is in compliance with regulations Standard operating procedures provided through Incident Command Animals not held at checkpoints Violations reported to officials USDA APHIS and CFSPH25 Checkpoints FAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview

Personnel 26USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview

Responder Safety – Orientation covering precautions – Required personal protective equipment Biosecurity – Prevent disease spread – Knowingly or unknowingly contaminated – Understand pathogen transmission – Work zones control access 27 Hazards USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview

FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine and Movement Control Quarantine and Movement Control web-based training module – Coming soon 28 For More Information USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview

Authors (CFSPH) Janice P. Mogan, DVM Heather Allen, PhD, MPA Reviewers (USDA) Randall Crom, DVM Jonathan Zack, DVM 29 Guidelines Content USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD-PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Quarantine & Movement Control - Overview

Acknowledgments Development of this presentation was by the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University through funding from the USDA APHIS Veterinary Services PPT Authors: Abbey Smith, Student Intern; Janice Mogan, DVM Reviewer: Heather Allen, PhD, MPA