MANCHESTER & LONDON 2007

MODERN ARCHITECTURE By the 1940s these styles had been consolidated and identified as the International style and became the dominant architectural style for institutional and corporate building for several decades in the 20th century. Modern architecture originated in the United States and Europe and it spread from there to the rest of the world. This architecture expressed the spirit of a new age and would surpass the style of earlier architecture. It developed in two materials: iron and concrete, that formed the technological basis for much modern architecture. So this one of the element that links science to modern art. By the 1940s these styles had been consolidated and identified as the International style and became the dominant architectural style for institutional and corporate building for several decades in the 20th century. Modern architecture originated in the United States and Europe and it spread from there to the rest of the world. This architecture expressed the spirit of a new age and would surpass the style of earlier architecture. It developed in two materials: iron and concrete, that formed the technological basis for much modern architecture. So this one of the element that links science to modern art.

NORMAN FOSTER Sir Norman Foster was born in Manchester in 1935 and he studied at Manchester University school. He is recognised as one of the world's leading architects. In 1967 Norman Foster and Wendy Foster established Foster Associates after several years of working with Richard Rogers; the associates have worked recently in Japan, France, Germany and Spain. Norman Foster has created a new architecture and he has declared "Architecture is about people and the quality of life".

ST. MARY AXE St. Mary Axe is a building in London's main financial district, the city of London. It is known also as "Gherkin"; or just "Swiss Re". Indeed the primary occupant of the building is the Swiss Re, a global reinasurance company. The name of this company lends itself to another nickname for this building: "Swiss Re Tower". It is 180 m tall, and so it is the second tallest building in the city of London. It has 40 floors with offices, bars and an exclusive restaurant. The design is by Foster and Partners and it was constructed between 2001 and 2004.

LONDON STANSTED AIRPORT Foster Associates 1991 This building is important because of the work of Foster Associates and its structure allows passenger to enter from two different entrance, avoiding any hoard. Stansted airport is a large passenger airport with a single runway for a number of major European low-cost airlines. It is located in the Uttlesford District of the English County of Essex about 30 miles (48 km) far from London. It was built in 1942 by the American Army as base for bombers. It has also a railway station under the terminal, which each 15 minutes has a link with Liverpool Street Station of London (Stansted Express).

WEMBLEY STADIUM Another project of Foster and Partners Association is the design of Wembley Stadium, a football stadium in London. It was the most expensive stadium ever built. It has the second largest capacity in Europe and it is the largest roof-covered stadium in the world. The previous Wembley Stadium was one of the world's most famous football stadiums. It was closed in October 2000 and was demolished in 2002, when the construction of the new stadium began, intended to open in 2006 but really opened in March The first match was an under 21 between England and Italy.

MILLENNIUM BRIDGE Foster and Partners 2001 The Millennium Bridge is the first new bridge across the river Thames in London since Tower Bridge, and it is the first designed for pedestrians only. The bridge links the city of London near St. Paul's Cathedral with the Tate Modern. When the bridge opened a huge number of people crossed it producing a sway movement; in order to this resolve this problem was taken the decision to close the bridge, that was reopened on February The bridge celebrates and encourages human movement- free traffic and accessible to everyone. It provides a key pedestrian link and a place to promenade while enjoying panoramic views of the city.

PRODUCED BY: GROUP TWO Arianna Mariachiara Nunzia Pamela Raffaella SPECIAL THANKS: All our teachers, and you, Guys! Don’t Forget The Great Time We Had!