SSWH5 THE STUDENT WILL TRACE THE ORIGINS AND EXPANSION OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD BETWEEN 600 CE AND 1300 CE.

Origins of Islam: People who practice Islam are called Muslims. Islam: means “peace” Muhammad ◦Born ~570 in Mecca (city in Arabian Desert)—Saudi Arabia ◦Visions ◦Angel Gabriel told him to start spreading the teachings of ONE god ◦Allah ◦Muslim word for God

ORIGINS OF ISLAM: Hijrah ◦Muhammad was unpopular with some powerful people in Mecca. ◦He and his followers moved to the nearby city of Medina in the year 622. ◦This year became the beginning of the Muslim calendar.

ORIGINS OF ISLAM: ◦In 630 Muhammad returned to Mecca. ◦Kaaba ◦Temple in Mecca that Muhammad turned into the first Muslim Mosque.

PRACTICES OF ISLAM: Quran ◦Muslim holy book. ◦Collection of messages to Muhammad from Allah (most via Gabriel). 5 Pillars-Way of Life: ◦Faith (in Allah as the only God) ◦Prayer (5x a day facing Mecca) ◦Fasting (Holy month of Ramadan) ◦Alms (charity) ◦Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)

PRACTICES OF ISLAM: Sharia ◦Muslim laws that are based on the Quran. ◦Often form the basis of political system in Islamic countries. Caliph ◦Leader of the Islamic World ◦Muhammad was the first

SPLIT IN ISLAM: When Muhammad died, he didn’t leave behind instructions as to who would be caliph. Shi’ite (Shiite, Shia) ◦Muslims who felt that the caliph should be a descendant of Muhammad. Sunni ◦Believed that any good Muslim could lead the Islamic community.

SUNNI & SHIA SPLIT:

SPREAD OF ISLAM: Under two Empires, Muslims conquered the Middle East, N. Africa, and Spain

MUSLIM TRADE NETWORKS: Silk Road ◦Connected Muslim lands with China. ◦Allowed Islam to spread from the Middle East to Asia.

MUSLIM TRADE NETWORKS: Trans-Saharan Trade Network ◦Camel caravans traveled across the Saharan desert into West Africa. ◦Islam became the dominate religion in sub-Saharan Africa.

MUSLIM CONTRIBUTIONS: Cultural Diffusion as a result of the trade routes ◦Arabic numerals brought to Western World ◦Medicine ◦Ibn Sina ◦Muslim doctor who wrote a book where he combined Greek, Arab, and personal findings about diagnosing and treating diseases. ◦Ibn Battuta ◦Muslim traveler who went on a pilgrimage to Mecca from his home in N. Africa. ◦Write a book where he described the people he came into contact with

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CRUSADES : (over 200 years) Muslim Turks threaten to take over the Holy Land (Jerusalem) Threatens Byzantine Empire; prevented Christians from travelling to Holy Land. Byzantine Emperor asks Pope for knights to fight in a “crusade to free the Holy Land” Pope asks Christians all over the world to fight *GOLD, GLORY, GOD

IMPACT OF CRUSADES: Muslims win; keep control of Holy Land Left deep rooted hatred between Christians and Muslims Encouraged Europeans to trade & travel Introduced Europeans to many different types of people Increased the power of the monarchs Increased power of the Pope & Catholic Church

JUDAISM (57-60) CHRISTIANITY ( ISLAM ( ) NAME OF GOD FOUNDER HOLY BOOK LEADERSHIP BELIEFS