Geochemical data. All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light (3 x 10 8 ms -1 ) and are discussed in terms of wavelength and frequency The.

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Presentation transcript:

Geochemical data

All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light (3 x 10 8 ms -1 ) and are discussed in terms of wavelength and frequency The electromagnetic spectrum

Spectrometry

The K emission spectrum of copper

X-ray spectrum of an olivine

An atom of the element carbon (C) The nucleus contains 6 protons and 6 neutrons Six electrons orbit the nucleus, confined to specific orbits called energy-levels The first shell can only contain 2 electrons The second shell can contain 8 electrons In the case of a carbon atom, the second shell is therefore half full and contains only 4 electrons

A typical rock analysis

Common types of magma

Composition of Earth shells Elements wt% CrustMantleCore ContinentalOceanicUpperLowerOuterInner O Si Al Fe Ca K Na Mg Ti C0.3 H0.2 Mn Ni 520 Cr 0.51

Nucleosynthesis « Bethe’s cycle »

Elements stability

Elements abundance Lights > Heavies Even > Odd Abundance peak close to Fe (n=56)

Solar system abundance

Formation of a planetary nebula -

Planetary nebulas

Temperature gradients in the planetary nebula

Formation of the solar system

Differenciation of planets

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