South East Europe Project: Sustainable Aggregate Resource Management - SARMa Slavko Šolar, Geological Survey of Slovenia Deborah Shields, Colorado State University 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey GEOLOŠKI ZAVOD SLOVENIJE

Content  INTRODUCTION Sustainbility and minerals Facts on aggregates  EUROPEAN MINERAL POLICY FRAMEWORK - RAW MATERIAL INITIATIVE  SUSTAINABLE MINERAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT – SARMa Challenges Objectives Description of the Partnership Expected results and durability 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

The sustainable development paradigm has been widely accepted because it explicitly recognizes the interconnectedness of social, economic and environmental systems. 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

Sustainable Development Is based on a comprehensive and inclusive, i.e., post- modern, view of systems as open, dynamic, and integrated; Has overarching goals of sustainability, i.e., economic prosperity, environmental health and social equity, that are simple and flexible enough to allow for multiple interpretations and are applicable in a variety of circumstances; Is not a scientific concept, but rather an ethical precept; and Is a policy concept in and of itself that, in addition, makes demands on other policies. 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

Concepts  Sustainable development Concept of needs Idea of limitations Future oriented, Process of change development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

6 Discussions about the role of natural resources in sustainability tend to focus on the need to sustain ecosystems and maintain biodiversity. Individual deposits are finite in size and quantity. On a broader, global scale, minerals are seldom truly exhausted, but rather redistributed from their location in deposits to products and waste materials.

The main goals of sustainability as applied to minerals are to maintain the stream of benefits to society and to do so in a manner that results in a net benefit to society over the life of the mine and the product. 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

Once minerals are considered useful to humans and technology has advanced to the point that they can be processed, they are relabeled as resources. When minerals become resources, their abundance and availability, i.e. supply, become important.  Abundance is a question of geologic and economic stocks.  Availability is a question of flows through the mineral system. 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

EUROPEAN MINERAL POLICY FRAMEWORK - RAW MATERIAL INITIATIVE 1.Ensure access to raw materials on world markets at undistorted conditions 2.Foster sustainable supply of raw materials from European sources 3.Reduce the EU’s consumption of primary raw materials 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

II. Pillar  Improved framework conditions that would include streamlining the administrative procedures, speeding up permitting, and also easing the access to land for exploration and extraction.  Knowledge base of mineral deposits as prerequisite of sustainable supply, and special attention to land-use planning  Improved networking among national geological surveys to facilitate exchange of mineral related information  Guidelines for mining activities in NATURA 2000  Promotion of research projects focused on extraction and procession within FP 7 program based on documents of European Technological Platform (ETP) on Sustainable mineral resources (SMR)  Use of cohesion policy funding to support a range of research, innovation and business support measures for raw material exploration and exploitation.  Increase the skills in mining sector and the public awareness of the importance of raw materials. 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

III. Pillar  Impetus to resource efficiency and eco-innovative production processes  Promotion of research projects that focus on resource-efficient products  Increased use of secondary raw materials that contributes to the security of supply and energy efficiency.  In the relation with non-EU countries Commission and Member states should ensure the treatment of waste takes place under fair and sustainable conditions.  The recycling of secondary raw materials will be facilitated by the full implementation and enforcement of relevant recycling legislation.  Boosting the reuse or recycling of products and materials where a fair and transparent market is essential, based on agreed minimum standards, certification schemes where appropriate, within proportionate legal framework conditions, and  Monitor renewable raw materials that are a scarce resource for European industry, such as the chemical and wood processing industries. 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

Facts on aggregates  Within the EU, the aggregate sector represents almost 3% of Construction & Housing sector gross value added, just above 5 % of EU economy. Main producers (over 400 million tons) are larger EU countries: France, Germany and Spain.  Price varies between 3 € (south of Europe) and 8 € (mostly Scandinavian countries), while the majority of countries have a price ranging between 6,0 and 6,5 € per ton of aggregate.  Access to land is restricted; for example, extraction is banned on more than 80% of sand and gravel territory.  Aggregates are heavy and bulky. Transportation can add significantly to the cost of aggregate. Transportation range: 80 % is used within km radius in UK.  Recycling rate of construction and demolition waste for use as aggregates varies from almost zero to up to 25 % in NW Europe. 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

Project Proposal  Financial perspective of the European Union  Cohesion Policy > Transnational Cooperation Programme > South East European (SEE) Transnational Programme.  SEE program has four priorities Priority Axis 2: Protection and improvement of the environment,  Areas of Intervention (AoI) 2.4: Promote energy and resource efficiency.  Project proposal preparation started in spring  Expression of Interest was submitted in summer 2008 and was approved for second stage of evaluation.  Detailed Application Form (Šolar S. et all. 2008) was written by partnership in late fall 2008  Project was approved (from over 800 proposals SARMa was ranked as 15 th ) in spring th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

SUSTAINABLE AGGREGATES RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SARMa 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

Project Background South East Europe countries are rich in aggregates. Supply is not coordinated within or across the area. Challenges are: illegal and damaging quarries, un-reclaimed sites, limited recycling and community opposition. Fulfilling demand requires efficient and sustainable supply chain (planning, extraction, transport, use and recycling), Socio-eco friendly quarrying, to preclude opposition to extraction, supply bottlenecks, and restricted growth.

Challenge to be addressed - I At the site level, the issues are high environmental impacts, limited recycling, need for stakeholder consultation and capacity, and lack of social license to operate. At the regional/national level, the issues are policies and regulations affecting aggregates that: do not address resource and energy efficiency or EU guidelines; preclude the use of recycled materials and industrial by-products; and fail to address aggregate consumption in long-term sustainable development and spatial planning. The transnational issues are lack of capacity and lack of coordination on aggregates production and transport. 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

Challenge to be addressed - II Shifting to sustainable aggregate resource management (SARM) and encouraging sustainable supply mix (SSM) policies. SARM is efficient, low socio-environmental impact quarrying and waste management. SSM uses multiple sources, including recycled wastes and industrial by-products (slag) that together maximize net benefits of aggregate supply across generations. 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

Consistency of the project with EU horizontal policy on environmental Sustainability 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey Synergies with other policies, programmes and other projects Consistency with the local, regional and national policies of the involved partners

Main objectives of the project are: to develop common approach to sustainable aggregate resource management (SARM) and to ensure sustainable supply mix (SSM) planning, at three scales, to ensure efficient and secure supply in SEE. 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

Local level a) Optimise the efficiency of primary aggregates production, b) prevent or minimize environmental impacts of quarrying and improve reclamation, c) minimize illegal quarrying by improving knowledge, d) promote recycling (construction, demolition & quarry waste), e) increase interested and affected groups’ capacity. 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

Regional/national level a) Assess and quantify aggregate resources and relevant transportation links, b) develop strategies for sustainably managing aggregate resources, including in protected areas, considering aggregate resources in land management and use planning, and harmonizing policies across regions, c) develop guidelines and procedures for SSM planning. 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

Transnational level a) Recommend methods for harmonizing SARM & SMM transregionally and transnationally, b)design a multi-purpose and multi-scale Aggregates Intelligence System (AIS) as a long-term tool for know-how transfer. Follow-up: prepare plan for a Regional Centre on SARM & SSM, to increase capacity of all interested and affected groups through workshops training and educational materials. 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

Expected results Local level: –More efficient aggregate extraction to maximize net benefits and achieve sustainable quarry life-cycle, more frequent adoption of best practices –Fewer illegal quarries, –Increased demolition waste recycling. Regional/national level: –More policies and legislation that incorporate principles of SARM, –More consistent management of aggregates across SEE-nations, –Greater recognition of need to plan for SSM supported by planning actions, –More nations creating maps and databases of aggregates & transportation patterns Transnational level: –Increased capacity through knowledge transfer; –Greater policy coordination on SARM among SEE-nations, –Continuing partnership among project members representing ministries, regional authorities, chambers of commerce and industry. 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

Regional distribution of project partners

Description of the Partnership Expertise and responsibility Geographical coverage: 15 partners in 10 countries of SEE area, Inclusion of partners from old member states, new member states, and candidate countries Partnership: ministries in charge or mining, regional authorities, chamber of commerce and industry, geological surveys, institutes and faculties 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

Project partners (15) 1.ERDF: GeoZS - Geological survey of Slovenia, SI 2.ERDF: MUL - University of Leoben, AT 3.ERDF: PELLA – Prefectural Authority of Pella, GR 4.ERDF: IGME - Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration, GR 5.ERDF: TUC – Technical University of Crete, GR 6.ERDF: MBFH – Hungarian Office for Mining and Geology, HU 7.ERDF: ER – Emilia-Romagna Region - Environment, Soil and Coast Defense Department, IT 8.ERDF: ANPAR – National Association Producers of Recycled Aggregates, IT 9.ERDF: PARMA – Parma Province - Territorial Planning Service, IT 10.ERDF: IGR – National Institute for Research-Development in domain of Geology, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Remote Sensing, RO 11.ERDF: FGG – University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, RO 12.IPA: MGK10 – Herzeg – Bosnia Canton Government – Ministry of Economy, BiH 13.IPA: RGF – University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, SRB % partner: METE – Ministry of Economy, Trade and Energy, AL (Albanian Geological Survey) 15.10% Partner: MINGORP – Ministry of Economy, Labor and Entrepreneurship, Energy and Mining Directorate, HR (Croatian Geological Survey 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

Project observers (8): 1.MGRS – Ministry of Economy of Slovenia, SI 2.ICMM – Independent Commission for Mines and Minerals, KOSOVO 3.HELLENIC – Hellenic Quarries S.A., GR 4.PAVLIDES – Pavlides S.A., GR 5.RCM – Region of Central Macedonia, GR 6.ACHAIA – Prefecture of Achaia, GR 7.NAMR – National Agency for Mineral Resources, RO 8.WKNOE – Lower Austria Economic Chamber, Crafts and Trades Division, AT 9.….. 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

Main outputs will include: Capacity building materials: printed materials (manuals) on –(1) local level aggregate operation improvements, –(2) regional, national and transnational policy, legislation, management and supply mix, –(3) C & D waste management, tools, methods (e.g. life cycle analysis); Regional, national and transnational events. Results will include use of best practices, adoption of SARM and SSM, harmonized policies, and ongoing collaboration among partners. 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

Summarizing and Outlook Expected results of SARMa-project are applicable across South East Europe area, enabling countries to implement harmonized approaches, thus increasing long term cooperation. Results will be applicable beyond SEE area, and will continue to be transferable via the manuals that describe best practices. Project progress can be observed on 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

THANK YOU ! 5 th National Aggregate Symposium, 1-2 December 2009, Sheraton Hotel-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey