A Water Budget Closure System to Support LBA Hydrometeorology and Ecology Studies Project Charles J. Vörösmarty University of New Hampshire Scientific objective: To establish a water budget closure system for computing high-resolution water balance elements in support of the LBA campaign. The system will integrate several existing scientific tools including algorithms that produce high-resolution climatology fields, water balance and river transport models, and a recently-established GIS-based WWW-site that serves as a data repository for participating hydrometeorological agencies in South America, Central America, and the Caribbean (R-HydroNET v1.0). Specific steps: The work will be organized around a set of supporting tasks: develop a coherent software system to error-check, visualize, and assimilate hydrometeorological data sets; develop a coherent software system to error-check, visualize, and assimilate hydrometeorological data sets; assimilate all relevant hydrometeorological data sets; assimilate all relevant hydrometeorological data sets; combine these data sets with models that compute key elements of the land- based water cycle of the Amazon basin; combine these data sets with models that compute key elements of the land- based water cycle of the Amazon basin; validate results and identify existing gaps in our quantitative understanding of water cycle elements across Amazonia; and validate results and identify existing gaps in our quantitative understanding of water cycle elements across Amazonia; and archive at the LBA-DIS and R-HydroNET the associated data sets for distribution to the research community. archive at the LBA-DIS and R-HydroNET the associated data sets for distribution to the research community. Brazilian Collaborators: Jose Marengo (CPTEC).

Influence of land surface processes/land cover changes in Amazon on regional hydrometeorology Yongqang Xue University of California at Los Angeles Scientific objective: To investigate the hydrometeorological prediction in the Amazon Basin at seasonal to interannual time scales and the effects of deforestation on the annual cycle of convective activity. Specifically, to improve the land surface components in a coupled regional model and evaluate its impact on the prediction. Method: Use the regional Eta model coupled with SSiB. Specific steps: Investigate the role of land surface processes in simulating the annual hydrologic cycle by conduct 12 month integrations with climatological sea surface temperature (SST) data as surface boundary conditions over the ocean; Investigate the role of land surface processes in simulating the annual hydrologic cycle by conduct 12 month integrations with climatological sea surface temperature (SST) data as surface boundary conditions over the ocean; Evaluate the impact of land cover/land cover change on the South American hydroclimatology using satellite data for experimental designs in deforestation scenarios; Evaluate the impact of land cover/land cover change on the South American hydroclimatology using satellite data for experimental designs in deforestation scenarios; Evaluate the sensitivity of model simulations to parameterizations in the hydrologic processes which include soil hydrology, stomatal resistance, and convective scheme. Evaluate the sensitivity of model simulations to parameterizations in the hydrologic processes which include soil hydrology, stomatal resistance, and convective scheme. Brazilian Collaborators: Chou Sin Chan, Clemente A. Tanajura, and Javier Tomasella (CPTEC).

A CPTEC one-month forecast for November The general pattern of the forecast precipitation is comparable with the observations, however a dry bias can be identified over Northeast Brazil and the Northern coast.

The Impacts of Land-Use/Land-Cover in Amazonia on Hydrometeorological Processes at Different Spatial and Temporal Scales Roni Avissar Rutgers University n The ultimate goal of this study is to better understand and quantify the impacts of land-use/land-cover change in Amazonia on hydrometeorological prediction at (and up to) the seasonal-to-interannual time scale (do teleconnections exist between Amazonia and the rest of the world?)

The Impacts of Land-Use/Land-Cover in Amazonia on Hydrometeorological Processes at Different Spatial and Temporal Scales Roni Avissar Rutgers University n The ultimate goal of this study is to better understand and quantify the impacts of land-use/land-cover change in Amazonia on hydrometeorological prediction at (and up to) the seasonal-to-interannual time scale (do teleconnections exist between Amazonia and the rest of the world?) n Methodology: Use a numerical model with a telescoping capability (two-way nesting) to bridge the gap between the scale of convection (1-2 km) and the global scale, and produce different scenarios of deforestation

The Impacts of Land-Use/Land-Cover in Amazonia on Hydrometeorological Processes at Different Spatial and Temporal Scales Roni Avissar Rutgers University n The ultimate goal of this study is to better understand and quantify the impacts of land-use/land-cover change in Amazonia on hydrometeorological prediction at (and up to) the seasonal-to-interannual time scale (do teleconnections exist between Amazonia and the rest of the world?) n Methodology: Use a numerical model with a telescoping capability (two-way nesting) to bridge the gap between the scale of convection (1-2 km) and the global scale, and produce different scenarios of deforestation l Evaluate ClimRAMS (at convective scale) over Rondonia

The Impacts of Land-Use/Land-Cover in Amazonia on Hydrometeorological Processes at Different Spatial and Temporal Scales Roni Avissar Rutgers University n The ultimate goal of this study is to better understand and quantify the impacts of land-use/land-cover change in Amazonia on hydrometeorological prediction at (and up to) the seasonal-to-interannual time scale. Do teleconnections exist between Amazonia and the rest of the planet n Methodology: Use a numerical model with a telescoping capability (two-way nesting) to bridge the gap between the scale of convection (1-2 km) and the global scale, and produce different scenarios of deforestation l Evaluate ClimRAMS (at convective scale) over Rondonia l Production and analysis of various scenarios, including a realistic, current deforestation, a full deforestation, and a pristine forest in Amazonia n Brazilian Collaboration: Maria Assuncao and Pedro Silva Dias (University of Sao Paulo)

NASA Hydrometeorology Team in the LBA l Avissar, Roni (Chair), Rutgers University, " The Impacts of Land-Use/Land-Cover in Amazonia on Hydrometeorological Processes at Different Spatial and Temporal Scales " l Betts, Alan K., Atmospheric Research, " LBA Land-Surface Atmosphere Studies Directed to Forecast Model Improvement " l Birkett, Charon M., Goddard Space Flight Center, " Altimetric Remote Sensing of the Amazon: Contribution to Surface Water Dynamics " l Dirmeyer, Paul A., Institute of Global Environment and Society, " Coupled High- Resolution Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Simulation of Seasonal-Interannual Climate Variability over Amazonia " l Dunne, Thomas, University of California Santa Barbara, " Mesoscale Effects of Climate and Land-Cover Change on River-Basin Hydrology in Amazonia ” l Ferreira, Rosana N., Goddard Space Flight Center, " Role of Land-Surface Processes and Regional and Global Interactions in the Seasonal to Interannual Variability of the Atmosphere in the Amazon Region " l Pinker, Rachel T., University of Maryland College Park, " Surface Radiation Budgets for LBA " l Shuttleworth, James W., University of Arizona, " Influences of Subgrid-Scale Heterogeneity on Remotely Sensed Estimates of the Amazonian Surface Energy Balance " l Vicente, Gilberto A., NOAA/NESDIS, " High Resolution, Multi-Spectral, Automatic Satellite Rainfall Estimation over Amazonia in Real Time " l Vorosmarty, Charles J., University of New Hampshire, " A Water Budget Closure System to Support LBA Hydrometeorology and Ecology Studies " l Xue, Yongkang, University of Maryland College Park, " Influence of Land Surface Processes/Land Cover Changes in Amazon on Regional Hydrometeorology "