The system-wide library in 2025 SCONUL Summer Conference and AGM 2-3 July 2015 Southampton, UK Titia van der Werf Senior Program Officer OCLC Research

OCLC Research Themes 1.Research collections and Support 2.Understanding the System-wide Library 3.Data Science 4.User Studies

Understanding the system-wide library 3

The system-wide scholarly library 4

Reasons for cooperation –Sharing cataloguing effort –More effective use of local collections through ILL –Negociating and licensing of e-journals –Authority control (national/union catalogues) –Pooling low-use print journals –Sharing the storage and access to digital collections –Securing permanent access to e-journals and e- books –Sharing online reference service 5

The system-wide scholarly library General observations –purpose is mostly to reduce waste (duplication of effort) and optimize impact –operate at different scales: regional, national, international –operate as a distributed network or as a centralised service –mostly non-profit operations: with a mix of cost recovery through membership-fees and commercial pricing of products and services for non-members 6

The system-wide scholarly library General trends –networks of cooperation tend to grow in numbers and in scale –offerings of products and services tend to grow and diversify –original focus and reason to exist tends to disappear as purpose and target audience evolve and become more diffuse –competitiveness slips in as networks tend to expand –… 7

Gaining competitive advantage through collaboration “Our ability to collaborate should be seen as a Darwinian survival strategy: we are competitors. Collaboration is not for the good of all; some of us will not exist anymore; some of us, who succeed in proving to be distinctive, will survive.” [LIBER-2015: Caroline Brazier) 8

Trends in collaboration? “Unbundling and re-bundling, at-scale solutions, collaboration and cooperation, efficacy and efficiency…themes that keep resurfacing.” [LIBER-2015: Elliot Shore] 9

Trends in collaboration? “As we move toward being more analytical, we’re beginning to knit together experiences, to come together into a union that will ultimately create a new environment to support scholars.” [Symposium on Sustainable Models for Print Storage in 21st-Century Libraries – Oct. 2014: Sarah Thomas] 10

North-American Mega-regions 11 North American print book resource: 45.7 million distinct publications million total library holdings North American print book resource: 45.7 million distinct publications million total library holdings Geographic area defined by high level of economic integration, underpinned by robust supporting infrastructure (transportation, logistics, etc.)

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The collective collection: key insights Collective resource offers great breadth and diversity while exhibiting patterns of internal coherence and complementarity => scale adds scope and depth Even the largest institutional collections are far from comprehensive => coverage requires cooperation; preserving the ‘collective collection’ will require coordination on a large scale Aggregate print book resource is rich and varied; supports thousands of libraries across North America => decisions at institutional scale / regional scale about print retention will affect larger library system Overlap between collective collection with HathiTrust; => strong incentives to coordinate shared print strategy with HathiTrust strategy 14

Trends in collaboration? The ‘collaborative collection’: “By 2027, your collections will be mine, and mine will be yours.” [LIBER-2015: Caroline Brazier] 15

Library-based stewardship covered ~ 80%? Library-based stewardship covered ~ 80%? S. Curl “Subramanyam Revisited: Creating a New Model for Information Literacy Instruction” Scholarly communications, 1981

J. Bosman, B. Kramer “101 Innovations in Scholarly Communication” University of Utrecht Library Scholarly communications, 2015 Library-based stewardship covers ??? Library-based stewardship covers ???

Towards the conscious coordination of stewardship 18

A “weightless” scholarly record? As scholarly practice becomes anchored in digital, networked spaces … … scholarly outputs move from bookshelf to network

The evolving scholarly record

In practice …

Framing the stakeholder eco-system … Create Use Collect Fix

Controlled Information Source Controlled Information Source Uncontrolled Information Source Uncontrolled Information Source Organizational Directory Profile NACO RERO GNL … … Anonymous Pull Authenticated Pull Authenticated Push VIAF (Identifiers) Individuals, Pseudonyms, Organizations, Uniform titles, Fictional Names VIAF (Identifiers) Individuals, Pseudonyms, Organizations, Uniform titles, Fictional Names ISNI (Identifiers) Individuals, Pseudonyms, & Organizations ORCID: (Identifiers & Researcher outputs) Living Researchers VIVO: (Researcher Outputs) Researchers from Member Institutions Public View Ringold (Org Names) Bowker Specific Actor Actor Type Question? Library Catalog Gateway Library Catalog Gateway Institutional Repository Gateway Institutional Repository Gateway Libraries ORCID Member Research Orgs Scholarly Publishers Individual Researchers VIVO Member Research Orgs Library Catalogs Individually Maintained Profile Institutional Repository Catalogs Aggregator: (Content Type) Scope Aggregator: (Content Type) Scope Aggregator: Internal/Private Funder Maintained Profiles (e.g. ScienceCV) LinkedIn Mendeley Google Scholar CrossRef: (Publication) Journal Authors ISNI Registration Agencies/M embers Harvard Profiles/Other Institutionally Deployed Profile systems How do corrections, annotations, and conflicting assertions on public profile presentation propagate back ? CAP How are differences in data models, provenance – maintained ? CRIS Instances E.g. Symplectic, METIS CRIS Instances E.g. Symplectic, METIS National Identifier Systems (Identifier) E.g. DAI National Identifier Systems (Identifier) E.g. DAI National Research Institutions Overlap among members of group actor types? Book Publishers

What is the scholarly record? 24 systematically identified, gathered, organized, curated, and made persistently accessible Scholarly Outputs Scholarly Record

Stewardship … historically Stewardship of scholarly record was byproduct of “uncoordinated”, highly distributed, and duplicative process of managing local print collections. Sum of local stewardship efforts resulted in aggregate library resource that was relatively complete record of published (print) scholarly outputs “Invisible hand” metaphor: uncoordinated local efforts lead to socially desirable outcome

Stewardship … now Scholarly record imperfectly approximated in aggregate library resource – Libraries not collecting full range of ESR – Portion of scholarly record that libraries can collectively capture and make available is diminishing New stewardship models require conscious coordination. 26 The ‘owned’ collection The ‘facilitated’ collection ‘borrowed’ ‘licensed’ ‘demand-driven’ ‘shared print’

Conscious coordination System-wide awareness Reciprocal access Explicit commitments Division of labor

Examples marc 583

Conscious coordination Deliberate engagement Growing dependence Increased reliance on: – network-intelligence (identifiers, ontologies, versioning mechanisms, rights, etc.) –data-driven decision support Diminishing incentives to maximize private benefits of stewardship – value of local SR- record depends on network connections

Towards the conscious coordination of stewardship 30

Questions? ©2014 OCLC. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Suggested attribution: “This work uses content from [presentation title] © OCLC, used under a Creative Commons Attribution license: Titia van der Werf Senior Program Officer