1 The CLOCKSS Archive: Challenges in Digital Preservation XI International Conference on University Libraries In Mexico City presented by Randy Kiefer

The CLOCKSS Archive In 2006, several of the world's largest scholarly publishers and top research libraries, challenged by the responsibility to preserve digital scholarly assets for the good of the entire community, joined forces to build a global archive for the very long term. Their unique collaboration emphasized community governance and a commitment to open access. Today, CLOCKSS (Controlled Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe) is a not-for-profit organization governed transparently and democratically by participants around the world. 2

Beginning in Some benchmarks The CLOCKSS Archive as of December, 2010 –Number of Library Supporters = 86 –Number of Participating Publishers = 33 –Number of Archive Nodes installed = 7 I had worked for a society publisher from 1999 to –I understood online academic publishing I started with CLOCKSS in February 2011 My first office assistant –Charlie (our Labrador) –4 kilos 3

What are the problems? Libraries and publishers move to e-only –Potential space savings –Improves access - 24/7 –Greater number of titles –Increases usage –No physical copy of e-resources –The increasing quantity of published papers Different business models –Licensing access (subscription or purchase) –Concerns over permanent access –Concerns over digital preservation 4

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Principles of the CLOCKSS Archive  Community Governed  Global Approach: Decentralized Preservation  Proven Technology using the open-source software LOCKSS  Commitment to Open Access 6

Community Governed CLOCKSS is designed to share the responsibility of archiving across the global academic community. Publishers and librarians have equal say in deciding procedures, priorities, and when to trigger content. CLOCKSS is committed to a transparent community-based governance structure, to be most sustainable in the future as technologies and priorities change. 7

Community Governed Governing Libraries: Roxanne Missingham, Australian National University Peter Schirmbacher, Humboldt University Brenda Johnson, Indiana University Jun Adachi, National Institute of Informatics Chip Nilges, OCLC [Treasurer] Kerry Keck, Rice University Michael Keller, Stanford University [Co-Chair] Ellis Sada, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Geoff Harder, University of Alberta [Secretary] Peter Burnhill, University of Edinburgh Peter Sidorko, University of Hong Kong Carla Lee, University of Virginia 8

Community Governed Governing Publishers: Vida Damijonaitis, American Medical Association Rita Scheman, The American Physiological Society Alicia Wise, Elsevier [Co-Chair] Graham McCann, IOP Publishing Jane Macmillan, Nature Publishing Group Mark Heaver, Oxford University Press Carol Richman, SAGE Publications David K. Marshall, Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics Wim van der Stelt, Springer Ian Bannerman, Taylor & Francis Craig Van Dyck, Wiley-Blackwell 9

Global Approach: Decentralized Preservation Stewardship and Preservation * Reinforcing Social Value as Memory Organizations * Insuring against Geo-social and Geophysical Risks Australian National University * Australia Humboldt University – Berlin * Germany Indiana University * USA National Institute of Informatics * Japan OCLC * USA Rice University * USA Stanford University * USA Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore * Italy University of Alberta * Canada University of Edinburgh * United Kingdom University of Hong Kong * Hong Kong University of Virginia * USA 10

Global View of Archive Nodes 1. 11

CLOCKSS defines its designated community in three parts: 1. The scholars, students and readers of electronic academic content. 2. The libraries who purchase and manage this content on behalf of the scholars, students and readers. 3. The publishers of this content. 12

Services provided to the community The CLOCKSS Archive delivers services to each component of its designated community by providing a sustainable, geographically distributed dark archive that ensures the long-term survival of Web-based, scholarly publications. Scholars, students and readers are provided with free, open access to content that would otherwise have become inaccessible. Librarians are reassured that the content which they purchase will remain accessible to their readers. Publishers are relieved of the responsibility of providing for access to their content in the event that they no longer do so. 13

Proven Open-Source Technology (LOCKSS) CLOCKSS runs on proven digital preservation technology LOCKSS technology has been safely and securely preserving web- published content for over 14+ years and has evolved with web advances to preserve new content types. 14

Commitment to Open Access 15 Trigger Events include situations of non-availability of archived content in which: Publisher No Longer in Business The publisher is no longer in business or is no longer in the business of publishing content or providing access to previously published content and there are no successor interests or reversions or transfers of rights; Title No Longer Offered The publisher has stopped publishing and is no longer providing access to the content and there are no successor interests or reversion or transfer of rights; Back Issues No Longer Available The publisher has stopped offering or providing access to some or all of the back issues of the content and there are no successor interests or reversion or transfer of rights; or Catastrophic Failure While still publishing content, the publisher is not able to provide access to the content electronically due to technical or similar catastrophic and permanent failure.

Commitment to Open Access 16 Trigger Events are voted on by the Board of Directors Requires a minimum of 18 YES votes No more than 2 No Votes Triggered titles to date Annals of Clinical Psychiatry - Taylor and Francis Archives of Family Medicine - American Medical Association (AMA) Auto/Biography - SAGE Publications Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention - Oxford University Press Graft: Organ and Cell Transplantation - SAGE Publications JAMA Français - American Medical Association (AMA) Molecular Interventions - American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

What are the Goals of Preservation? A lofty goal: preserve record of scholarship –Part of the mission of all research libraries to the world –A responsibility shared by the whole community –Thinking hundreds of years ahead A practical goal: keep your access –Part of the mission of your library to your university –A responsibility within your library. Thinking tens of years ahead Both goals must be served! 17

Digital Archiving Digital archiving was originally designed for e-journals –Because journals were online first 1995 Now, Ebooks are growing rapidly “The large majority of academic libraries provide ebooks, and the average number of ebooks available in academic libraries that do provide them was 33,830.“ From: "The Growing Importance of Ebooks in U.S. Library Collections”, Sept

Preservation Concerns for Ebooks? Is it just like ejournal archiving? What’s different? What’s the same? 19

Archiving Costs The same for ebooks and ejournals –Good news! –Should make it possible to archive many e-books for a very low cost 20

Differences for ebooks and ejournals 1.Author reversion clause Publishing rights may revert from the publisher to the author Approach: –Maintaining more details – authors, rights – tie in with authoritative databases to chase ownership 2.Location of Files and their Formats Most ebooks are on various platforms –The platforms are usually with third parties –Possibly, not all of the collection is in one place Various formats – which one to preserve? Approach : –Collecting the files, including all formats, directly from the publisher or choosing one of the platforms to harvest. Publishers should maintain a copy of all of their files. 21

Conclusion Ebook archiving is somewhat different than ejournals –Technical challenge is the same The level of detail is greater –The due diligence before trigger is more fragmented Author rights Aggregation contracts –The market place and business model has not yet settled down in the same way the journal market has. Preservation will continue to adapt. 22

Now in 2013 I have worked for CLOCKSS since February ( 2 years and 9 months+) I have a greater understanding of digital preservation of academic content and the challenges of providing this service to communities CLOCKSS serves. 23

Now in 2013  Supporting Libraries = 704  Participating Publishers = 170  Number of Archive Nodes installed = 12 24

Now in 2013  And Charlie is still my office assistant  He is now two years old  40 kilos 25

Thank You! Questions or Comments? Randy Kiefer Executive Director The CLOCKSS Archive mailto: XI International Conference on University Libraries In Mexico City 26

Content custody You or your communityThe CLOCKSS Archive Access whenPublisher server unavailable Not available from any source until triggered Access to whom Authorized usersEveryone when triggered Preservation technology Open source LOCKSS Access fees for content None GovernanceStanford & each network Board of Directors Summary