U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center Landsat Program Archive Advisory Committee Meeting October 2004 Attachment D Landsat Status Briefing: ETM+ SLC-off Impact and Solutions/Landsat 5 Tracy Zeiler Landsat Project Chief October 19, 2004

U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center Landsat Program Archive Advisory Committee Meeting October 2004 Attachment D Landsat 7 ETM+ SLC Failure: Return to Operations Timeline  May 31, ETM+ scan line corrector failed  July 14, ETM+ acquisitions resumed  September 3, 2003 – USGS approval for recovery attempt; SLC did not restart  September 16, 2003 – Final reconfiguration of instrument completed  September 18, 2003 – Resumed normal LTAP acquisitions, downlinks to ICs  October 22, 2003 – Released standard L1G SLC-off product  October 28, 2003 – New product brainstorming workshop  May 10, 2004 – Released phase 1 SLC-off to SLC-on gap-filled product  November 2004 – Release phase 2 SLC-off to SLC-off gap-filled product

U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center Landsat Program Archive Advisory Committee Meeting October 2004 Attachment D Initial New Product Development Plan  Requirement for multiple product types to satisfy different user communities –Result will be suite of products based on ETM+ SLC-off data  Use integrated team to provide technical input –Include USGS, NASA and operational agency scientists and engineers –Identify all options for ETM+ product improvement –Identify benefits/risks/complexity/cost-to-benefit for all options –Prioritize options from those easily achievable in the near-term to those that require research prior to possible future implementation  Implement near-term product options that will satisfy some user requirements  Continue with phased development of new product types

U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center Landsat Program Archive Advisory Committee Meeting October 2004 Attachment D Phase 1 SLC-off Products and Associated Improvements  Enhance existing browse to show impacts to L1G data (i.e. data gaps)  Let users choose the number of interpolation pixels used during processing when ordering products (0-15 pixels)  Implement new interpolation method  Include gap pixel mask with Level 1 products including interpolated products  Implement a Landsat 7 ETM+ SLC-off to SLC-on gap-filled product

U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center Landsat Program Archive Advisory Committee Meeting October 2004 Attachment D Phase 1 SLC-off to SLC-on Product Summary  Level-1G product is radiometrically and geometrically corrected  Requires scene-to-scene registration  Localized linear histogram matching implemented with static window size  The linear method chosen used a function of the standard deviation for gain and a function of the mean for offset in estimating gap-fill pixels  Highly saturated pixels are excluded from histogram calculation  Optimum input is SLC-on image acquired 1-year prior –Similar phenology improves histogram matching –Minimum cloud cover is recommended to allow scene registration and reduce artifacts; other transient phenomenon also affect final image quality  Search and order system selects default and prioritizes SLC-on scenes based on above criteria  Cost $275/scene

U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center Landsat Program Archive Advisory Committee Meeting October 2004 Attachment D Phase 2 SLC-off Products and Associated Improvements  Generate enhanced browse data that illustrates the data gaps in each ETM+ SLC-Off image  Implement a Landsat 7 ETM+ SLC-off to SLC-off gap-filled product  Provide user an indication of SLC-off to SLC-off scene compatibility  Implement modified histogram matching algorithm  Include gap pixel mask with Level 1 products that indicates data source of all fill values

U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center Landsat Program Archive Advisory Committee Meeting October 2004 Attachment D Phase 2 SLC-off to SLC-off Product Summary (slide 1 of 2)  Level-1G product is radiometrically and geometrically corrected  Requires scene-to-scene registration  Localized linear histogram matching implemented with adaptive window  The method was modified to use linear regression in computing pixel transformations  Highly saturated pixels are excluded from histogram calculation

U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center Landsat Program Archive Advisory Committee Meeting October 2004 Attachment D Phase 2 SLC-off to SLC-off Product Summary (slide 2 of 2)  Requires SLC-off image(s) acquired as close as possible to primary SLC-off image –Minimum cloud cover in both primary and secondary image(s) to reduce image artifacts; other transient phenomenon also affect final image quality –Minimum cloud cover SLC-on image required to allow scene registration –Random gap placement increases complexity of scene selection that will ensure complete ground coverage  Metadata called the gap phase statistic calculated during input scene production to provide an indication of SLC-off scene compatibility  Search and order system provides list of available SLC-off scenes for gap filling and default SLC-on image for registration –Provides predicted ground coverage for SLC-off images selected based on gap phase statistics  Cost $300/scene

U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center Landsat Program Archive Advisory Committee Meeting October 2004 Attachment D Composite Gap Area Probability

U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center Landsat Program Archive Advisory Committee Meeting October 2004 Attachment D Landsat Business Model  Landsat operating funds were derived from three sources* –Appropriated funds48% –Data sales income38% –International cooperator fees14%  SLC failure has impacted the viability of the previous model –FY04 operating funds required 73% appropriated funding  Additional appropriated funds are required to continue mission –Permanent appropriations not yet identified –Data sales still falling –IC income dropping *based on 2003 pre-anomaly budget

U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center Landsat Program Archive Advisory Committee Meeting October 2004 Attachment D Trends in Landsat ETM+ Data Sales (FY 2000 – 2004)

U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center Landsat Program Archive Advisory Committee Meeting October 2004 Attachment D Landsat 7 ETM+ SLC-on versus SLC-off FY04 Product Sales Demonstrates the normal sales growth for new products

U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center Landsat Program Archive Advisory Committee Meeting October 2004 Attachment D Landsat ETM+ SLC-on versus SLC-off Product Demand Demonstrates the increase in SLC-off sales with new product releases

U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center Landsat Program Archive Advisory Committee Meeting October 2004 Attachment D Other Landsat 7 Status Information  Long term acquisition plan has been modified to aid in the collection of potential SLC-off to SLC-off image pairs; nominal rate increased from 250 to 300 scenes per day  Number of participating International Cooperators is down due to SLC failure; current participating ICs include:  Gyroscope 3 was exhibiting anomalous behavior and was turned off (May 5, 2004); mission continues with no loss of function; accuracy and precision of imagery unaffected  End-of-life based on fuel estimated to be Spring, 2011 Australia, Argentina, Canada, Indonesia, Japan

U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center Landsat Program Archive Advisory Committee Meeting October 2004 Attachment D Landsat 5 Status  Number of ICs downlinking Landsat 5 has increased. –Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, ESA, South Africa, Thailand  Investigation of amplifier behavior resulted in standby operations mode that does not preclude additional IC downlinks  Battery 3 behavior required that it be turned off (May 21, 2004); nominal operations continues with 2 batteries  Addition of telemetry (S-band) downlinks to ASA  New sensor alignment parameters and addition of definitive ephemeris will make geometric accuracy more consistent; data will be available from 1993 forward  Improved radiometric calibration through inclusion of general detector change and changes due to ice buildup in lookup table; up to 20% improvement  End-of-life based on fuel is estimated to be Spring, 2009

U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center Landsat Program Archive Advisory Committee Meeting October 2004 Attachment D U.S. Landsat Archive (Marketable Scenes through September 29, 2004)  ETM+: Landsat 7 –446,774 scenes –323TB data in archive (RCC and L0Ra) –Archive grows by 300GB Daily  TM: Landsat 4 & Landsat 5 –550,626 scenes –Approximately 135TB of Data in Archive –Archive Grows by 30GB Daily  MSS: Landsat 1 through 5 –641,555 scenes –Approximately 20TB of Data in Archive

U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center Landsat Program Archive Advisory Committee Meeting October 2004 Attachment D Summary  Landsat Project reacted quickly to SLC failure by quick return to acquisitions, recovery attempt, move to SLC-off operations and new product development.  Three SLC-off product types are available for current and future acquisitions: –Level-1G SLC-off –Level-1G Interpolated SLC-off –Level-1G SLC-off to SLC-on Gap-filled  Users are ordering SLC-off and new products  Landsat 7 and Landsat 5 are expected to continue operations until 2011 and 2009 respectively