British Imperialism in India

Where is India?

End of Mughal Rule 1600s, the British East India Company set up trading posts at Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta. The native Mughal Empire that inhabited India collapsed and India was open for the taking.

British East India Company A private British company that basically ran India Controlled the economy, government and politics of the entire region

British East India Company WHY INDIA? the silk road: –India was a world leader of weaving cloth and the world wanted stronger, washable and more colorful fabric –The British East India Company basically took over India to control the fabric (textile) industry

Resentment of British Rule Indians were second-class citizens in their own country. Even Indians with a European education faced discrimination (like Gandhi) paid less than Europeans.

Beginnings of Indian Nationalism The new Indian middle classes slowly grew tired of the injustice of British rule 1885 – a large group of these new Indian nationalists founded the Indian National Congress

Positive Effects - India the world’s third largest railroad network was a major British achievement. a modern road network, telephone and telegraph lines, dams, bridges, and irrigation canals Sanitation and public health improved. Schools and colleges were founded, and literacy increased.

Negative Impact for India British held much of the political and economic power. Restricted Indian-owned industries such as cotton textiles. Racism against Indians in their own land Loss of cultural practices and language

Independence of India The main historical figures of the Indian independence movement include Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Mohammad Ali Jinnah. Gandhi is known for pacifism, or non-violent resistance Ali Jinnah, the leader of the Muslim League India and Pakistan become free and independent countries on August 15, 1947

Independence of India Nehru (Gandhi’s right hand man) became the first Prime Minister of the newly formed democratic country of India Muhammad Ali Jinnah became the first Governor General of Pakistan

Partition of India and Pakistan At independence, the British partitioned India into India and Pakistan Two parts of India were divided, Bengal and Punjab. The eastern part of Bengal became East Pakistan and western part of Punjab formed the West Pakistan. Mohandas Gandhi believed that Hindus and Muslims could and should live in amity and opposed the partition

Pakistan: –A–After independence from Great Britain, Pakistan was split into two parts separated by India East Pakistan West Pakistan –T–The two parts were only held together by their common religion, Islam.

War started between West Pakistan & East Pakistan –India sided with the East (Bangladesh) –West Pakistan became Pakistan –East Pakistan became Bangladesh BANGLADESH

Why did this happen? East Pakistan – very poor (subsidence farmers) West Pakistan – very rich (many raw materials and petroleum) Simply put, the rich controlled the poor and the poor became upset

INDIA SINCE INDEPENDENCE

NehruNehru  Ally of Gandhi.  1 st Prime Minister of India,  Industrialized India  Nonaligned Movement  Neutral between USSR and USA

 No relation to Mahatma Gandhi  Nehru’s daughter.  Prime Minister of India,  Faced rebellion  Assassinated in 1984 Indira Gandhi

 Indira’s son.  Prime Minister of India,  Reformed economy and government  Also faced rebellion  Assassinated in 1991 Rajiv Gandhi

 Overpopulation  1 billion & climbing  Hindu-Muslim tensions  Terrorism  Nuclear Weapons  Political assassinations Major problems & Issues in India today

Kashmir Conflict The Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute between India and Pakistan over the Jammu and Kashmir regions of South Asia

Kashmir Conflict India and Pakistan have fought several wars over Kashmir, called the Indo- Pakistani Wars of 1947, 1965 and 1999.

Is this a possibility?