South Asia After Empire

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Presentation transcript:

South Asia After Empire India gained its independence from Great Britain, but the region entered an era of conflict and challenges

India - Review Which country controlled India in the early part of the 20th century? Who was the leader of the Indian independence movement? Which groups were important in the Indian independence movement? What do you think might happen if India gets independence?

Britain demands that Indians fight in WWII Indians say “NO!” No democracy at home…won’t fight for Britain “Quit India!” campaign to get British to leave

Increasing Indian nationalism Riots, protests lead to British decision to leave India Britain no longer has the money (after WWII) to spend on India

India is a free country! 1947…the British leave India “It is a fateful moment for us in India, for all Asia and for the world. A new star rises, the star of freedom in the East, a new hope comes into being, a vision long cherished materializes.” Nehru

India: partitioned into India and Pakistan 255 Hindus and 92 million Muslims live here Muslims migrate to Pakistan…Hindus migrate to India Violent fighting Gandhi heartbroken

Violent fighting Over 1 million killed in fighting

Gandhi Assassinated Hindu nationalist blames Gandhi for partition and for protecting Muslims 1948 - shot and killed

War Over Kashmir Major conflict erupts between India and Pakistan: who controls border area of Kashmir? India given control of Muslim dominated area…Pakistan fights this War in 1947-49 and in 1965

India/Pakistan Conflict Both sides have nuclear weapons Cross-border attacks Recipe for nuclear disaster

India After Independence World’s largest democracy During Cold War refused to side with US or with USSR….a non-aligned nation Nehru Prime Minister from 1947-64

Indira Gandhi becomes Prime Minister Nehru’s daughter…serves four terms Sikhs want independence… She drives them from Amritsar Later assassinated by own Sikh body guards

Indian economy grows! In 1990s India changes economic philosophy from socialism to capitalism Indian people beginning to lift themselves from poverty

Civil War in Pakistan East Pakistan and West Pakistan separated by India West Pakistan controls government Civil War in 1971 East Pakistan becomes Bangladesh

Bangladesh -Geographic Nightmare Below sea-level Ripe for floods and earthquakes May be poorest country on earth

Instability in Pakistan Constant turnover in Pakistan’s government Haven for al Qaeda and the Taliban Osama Bin Laden found here US friend or foe???

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