© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. T1/24/12 Ethnic Distribution Ch. 7.1 – pp

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Intro: Ethnicity Ethnicity = from the Greek ethnikos, meaning “national” –Ethnicities share a cultural identity with people from the same homeland –Ethnicities have distinctive cultural traits Race = people who share a biological ancestor

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. I. Distribution of Ethnicities in the U.S. A.Clustering of Ethnicities 1. Regional Concentration of Ethnicities –Hispanics (Latinos) = 15%of the U.S. pop. clustered in SW –African Americans = 13% of the U.S. pop. clustered in SE –Asian Americans = 4% of the U.S. pop. clustered on west coast –American Indians = 1% of the U.S. pop. clustered in reservations (SW & Great Plains)

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Distribution of Hispanics in the U.S.

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Distribution of African Americans in the U.S.

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Distribution of Asian Americans in the U.S.

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Distribution of American Indians in the U.S.

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2. Concentration of Ethnicities in U.S. Cities 90%of African Americans and Hispanics live in cities Remnants of 20 th Cent. European migration still evident on the landscape Example: clustering of restaurants in Little Italy, Greektown

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Distribution of Ethnicities in Chicago and Los Angeles Figure 7-5Figure 7-6

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. B. African American Migration Patterns Three major migration patterns 1. Forced migration from Africa (17 th & 18 th Cent.) The triangular slave trade 2. Immigration from the South to northern cities (c ) aka “The Great Migration” Identifiable paths of migration 3. Immigration out of inner cities to other urban areas (c present) formation of the ghetto

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Triangular Slave Pattern Figure 7-8

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. African American Migration in the United States (Twentieth Century) Figure 7-10

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. II. Differentiating Ethnicity and Race Often confusing based on 19 th Cent. assumptions of race Race = traits that are shared genetically Biological features within one racial group are highly variable biological classification of people into distinct racial groups is meaningless

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. II. Differentiating Ethnicity and Race A. Race in the U.S. –census definitions including “multi-racial” Spatial effects of racism greater isolation social vs. political segregation & apartheid “Separate but equal” “White flight” »Blockbusting –Apartheid in South Africa

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. II. Differentiating Ethnicity and Race A. Segregation in America “Separate but Equal” Doctrine –Plessy v. Ferguson case (1896) de jure (“by law”) segregation mostly in south, some midwestern (KN) ends legally in 1960’s – Civil Rights Act (1964) “White flight” (“middle-class flight”) –post-WWII (esp. 1960’s & 1970’s) creates de facto (“by fact or reality”) segregation more common in north, midwest & west

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. II. Differentiating Ethnicity and Race A. Segregation in America (cont.) –Blockbusting reinforced de facto segregation B. Segregation in Other Countries Apartheid in South Africa –Policy of strict racial separation created in post-WWII S.A. ended in early 1990’s Nelson Mandela – imprisoned, later President

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Apartheid Figure 7-13