Constitution

Underlying Principles Popular Sovereignty: Power is from the consent of the governed (American people) Popular Sovereignty: Power is from the consent of the governed (American people) Limited government Limited government –“No one is above the law.”

Federalism Federalism: power sharing between state/federal government Federalism: power sharing between state/federal government

Enumerated Powers Powers of the Federal Government: Powers of the Federal Government:  Coin and print money  Regulate interest and foreign trade  Armed forces  Establish federal courts  Declare war/make peace  Grant patents/copyrights  Admit new states

Reserved Power Powers of the State Government: Powers of the State Government:  Establish public schools  Pass marriage and divorce laws  Regulate trade within their state  Conduct elections  Set up local governments

Concurrent Powers Powers shared by the State/Federal Government: Powers shared by the State/Federal Government:  Collect taxes  Borrow money  Make and enforce laws  Establish/maintain courts  Charter banks  Provide for public welfare of citizens

Two main groups during Constitutional debate… Federalist: Federalist:  Supported Strong Central Government Anti-Federalist Anti-Federalist  Were against a strong central government  Wanted states to have certain rights  Wanted protection of individual rights (strong proponents of the Bill of Rights)

Constitution’s Structure… Preamble: introduces the Constitution and puts forth the general purposes for which the government was established Preamble: introduces the Constitution and puts forth the general purposes for which the government was established Article I – Article III (Three branches of Government Article I – Article III (Three branches of Government Article IV: Rights of the States Article IV: Rights of the States Article V: Amending the Constitution Article V: Amending the Constitution Article VI: Power of the Federal Government Article VI: Power of the Federal Government Article VII: Ratification stipulations Article VII: Ratification stipulations

Legislative Branch (Article 1) Congress (Section 1) Congress (Section 1)  Power to make laws  Control Government spending  Comprised of two chambers—the Senate and the House of Representatives

House of Representatives (Section 2) Determined based on the population of the state Determined based on the population of the state –IL = 19 representatives 435 members elected every two years 435 members elected every two years Must be at least 25 years old to be elected Must be at least 25 years old to be elected

Senate (Section 3) Every state is represented by two senators Every state is represented by two senators 100 senators who serve six-year terms 100 senators who serve six-year terms Staggered elections so the turn-over is not too much Staggered elections so the turn-over is not too much Must be at least 30 years old Must be at least 30 years old

Sections Section 4: Elections and Meetings Section 4: Elections and Meetings Section 5: Organization and Rules of Procedure Section 5: Organization and Rules of Procedure Section 6: Privileges and Restrictions Section 6: Privileges and Restrictions Section 7: Passing Laws Section 7: Passing Laws

Sections Section 8: Powers Granted to Congress Section 8: Powers Granted to Congress  18 rights (i.e. borrowing; currency; courts; declare war; army; navy; post office) Section 9: Powers Denied to the Federal Government Section 9: Powers Denied to the Federal Government  Slave trade, Habeus Corpus (no unlawful imprisonment) Direct taxes; tax on exports Section 10: Powers Denied to the State Section 10: Powers Denied to the State  Duties, Armed Forces, War

Executive Branch (Article 2) Can serve up to two four- year terms Can serve up to two four- year terms Legislative Leader (tried to get their laws passed Legislative Leader (tried to get their laws passed Carries out the nation’s laws Carries out the nation’s laws Commander in Chief of the military Commander in Chief of the military Oversees 15 executive offices Oversees 15 executive offices

Judicial Branch (Article 3) District Courts (94 total) District Courts (94 total) Appeals Courts (13 total) Appeals Courts (13 total) Supreme Court Supreme Court 9 Justices of the Supreme Court (John Roberts is the Chief Justice) 9 Justices of the Supreme Court (John Roberts is the Chief Justice) Appointed for life Appointed for life Interpret the laws of the land Interpret the laws of the land

Remaining Articles Article 4: Relations among States Article 4: Relations among States Article 5: Amending the Constitution Article 5: Amending the Constitution Article 6: National Supremacy (Laws/Treaties) Article 6: National Supremacy (Laws/Treaties) Article 7: Ratification Article 7: Ratification

Homework Find the name of: Find the name of: –Leader of the House of Representatives –President of the Senate –Secretary of State –Attorney General –Newest Supreme Court Justice