Alternative Application Technology Daniel L. Kline USDA-ARS, CMAVE Gainesville, FL

Alternative ApplicationTechnology Area repellents –Tent studies Insecticide-treated vegetation –Semi-field: CMAVE protocol –Field: Studies in Arkansas versus Anopheles

Pristine Sand Fly Habitat … Everywhere Before Tent Cities Military Relevance

Air Force Tent City Army Tent City

Area Repellents: Tent Studies Metofluthrin (SumiOne™) A highly volatile pyrethroid

Participants CMAVE –Dan Kline, Jerry Hogsette and Brian Quinn –Joyce Urban and Melissa Doyle NECE –CDR Steve Rankin –LCDR Dan Szumlas –Dr. Todd Walker Valent –John Lucas

Tent Studies: Metofluthrin (Sumi One TM ) Types of emanators Placement of emanators Number of emanators Environmental effects

A TENT A TENT B 100 feet 60 ft long 18’ 6” long Tent configurations West Cage East Cage 30 ft wide 13’ 6” wide

SumiOne™ Paper Emanators Surface area 4000 cm3 (both faces) Treated with 200 mg SumiOne®

Placement of emanators

SumiOne™ Plastic Emanators 7.9 cm wide x 11 cm long (192 holes, each.25 cm 2) Plastic impregnated with 5% (w/w) SumiOne®

Mosquito Magnets and emanators

Mosquitoes Released in Each Cage Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus (500) Aedes aegypti (500)

Measures of Emanator Efficacy Landing counts on human volunteers (inside and outside tent) Mosquito Magnet Pro collections (within tents) Residue analysis

Percent reduction in trap collections with SumiOne paper at two heights

Percent residue of metofluthrin in paper emanators

Average percent reduction in trap collection using SumiOne plastic emanator

UntreatedTreated Inside OutsideInside Outside

Nets TreatedUntreated

Overall Summary 1.SumiOne® shows potentially good knockdown and bite inhibition activity against mosquitoes. 2. Type and placement of SumiOne emanators is very important. 3. Further research is needed on type and placement of emanators. 4. Additional candidate compounds need to be evaluated.

X X X X X X X West East North South Wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera) 7 plants per side 60’ 30’ 10’ Coleman MD-2500 Large outdoor screen cage ( 16’ high)

Participants CMAVE –Dan Kline, Jerry Hogsette, Sandy Allan and Brian Quinn –Joyce Urban, Aaron Lloyd and Melissa Doyle Arkansas –David Dame (Entomological Services) –Max Meisch (University of Arkansas)

CMAVE Protocol Mini-plots

Bifenthrin residual treatment on wax myrtle

Mini-plots (10’ x 10’)0.1 acre plots Arkansas Studies David Dame (Entomological Services) and Max Meisch, Univ. of Arkansas Bifenthrin.11 and.22 lb/acre Bifenthrin.22 lb/acre

Trap Collections

Bifenthrin treated mini-plots

Bifenthrin treated field plots

Bioassay

Percent mortality of An. quadrimaculatus after 1 hr exposure to Bifenthrin-treated leaves from field plots

Percent mortality of An. quadrimaculatus after 24 hour exposure to Bifenthrin (Talstar) treated leaves from field plots.

Percent mortality of Oc. taeniorhyncus after one hour exposure to Bifenthrin (Talstar) treated leaves from field plots.

Percent mortality of Oc. taeniorhyncus after 24 hour exposure to Bifenthrin (Talstar) treated leaves from field plots.

Residue Analysis

Future Studies Comparison of regular backpack sprayers with electrostatic sprayers