Notes

Welcome to CATS “There are two types of speakers: those that are nervous and those that are liars.” - Mark Twain Welcome to CATS “There are two types of speakers: those that are nervous and those that are liars.” - Mark Twain

Taking Chances “If you’re never scared or embarrassed or hurt, it means you never take any chances.” - Julia Sorel, Author “If you’re not failing every once in a while, you’re living life too cautiously.” - The Natural Speaker on p. 20

What is a Public Speaker? A person who prepares and delivers a presentation to a group that listens, generally without interrupting the flow of ideas.

Examples of Public Speaking Camp Counselor telling stories to kids Kayak Instructor teaching beginners Wedding Toast Announcements Reports Presentation in class Show and Tell Job Interview Client Presentation Family Gatherings

What Will We Learn? Planning Speeches Presenting Speeches Evaluating Speeches Managing Anxiety

You Won’t Pass Out

It’s Okay: Everyone is Afraid

We Will Act as a team. Build a learning community. Deliver speeches extemporaneously. Work from an outline, not a verbatim script. Use emotion.

We Will Talk about subjects we care about. Learn how to critique our speeches and other people’s speeches effectively. Enjoy the experience. Learn a set of procedures for preparing a speech and set of skills for delivering a speech that we can use in any public speaking situation. Enjoy the experience.

We Won’t Stand at a podium. Make boring presentations. Pass out during a speech. Write a script out in advance. Talk about subjects we don’t care about.

Strengths and AFI’s Strengths: these are areas that you did well in a speech. It doesn’t mean they’re perfect. There is always room for growth. Areas For Improvement: we won’t use the word “weakness” in this class. Public speakers are always evolving. There is no such thing as a “perfect” speech.

Why Does Public Speaking Matter? 98% of personnel interviewers identified both verbal and written communication skills as significant factors in hiring decisions.

What are the Symptoms of Public Speaking Anxiety (PSA)? Sweat Upset Stomach Stutter Hands shake Blotchiness Cotton Mouth Speech rate increases

What Can I Do about PSA? Proper attitude Experience Preparation Body Movement Proper breathing

What Can I Do about PSA? Concentrate Audience won’t notice all your symptoms Audience wants you to succeed Audience Analysis Visualization

Introductions 1. Grab the audience’s attention 2. Preview the speech

Conclusions Summarize the speech Leave the audience with something memorable.

Extemporaneous Style Should feel like a conversation. You will work from an outline. No memorized texts allowed. Keep your eyes focused on the audience most of time, simply glancing down at their outline when necessary. Best speaking style for most public speaking situations.

What Makes an Effective Speech? Two Major Audience Questions 1. Why should they care about this topic? 2. Why should they believe you about this topic?

What Non-Verbal Elements Make an Effective Speech? 1. Posture 2. Body Movement 3. Gestures & Facial Expressions 4. Eye Contact 5. Pacing 6. Voice Projection 7. Enunciation & Pronunciation 8. Inflection 9. Enthusiasm & Animation 10. Rehearsal 11. Confidence

Posture An upright posture is important for credibility, and for putting your body in the best position to project your voice and gesture effectively.

Body Movement Adds emphasis and enhances meanings. Engages the audience by increasing the visual elements of the speech. Helps guard against ineffective listening.

Gestures and Facial Expressions Enhances and emphasizes meanings in your speech.

Pacing Rapid pacing makes it difficult for the audience to absorb the material in your speech.

Eye Contact Builds trust and credibility with the audience.

Voice Projection You need to be heard throughout the room.

Enunciation and Pronunciation Speaking clearly and saying the word in the proper way.

Inflection The emphasis you place on words. Where you pause. Where you take a breath.

Enthusiasm and Animation Enthusiasm helps engage the audience. If you don’t care, why should the audience.

Humor Engages the audience, and tends to relax the speaker.

Rehearsal Enough that you know the material and movements the day you deliver the speech. Not so much that it begins to sound memorized and programmed.

Outlines Major ideas and their relationship to one another. Written in full sentences or phrases with a heading, indentation, coordination, and subordination. Software programs have formatting features or style tools that automatically format outlines.

The Outline Instead of writing out the entire speech word for word A brief organization of the main thoughts of a speech. Allows the speaker to speak from the heart and present a conversational way.

I. Major point A.First-level supporting point 1. Second-level supporting point 2. Second-level supporting point a. Third-level supporting point b. Third-level supporting point B. First-level supporting point II. Major point A. First-level supporting point B. First-level supporting point Coordination – points are arranged into various levels Points on a specific level have the same value or weight

I. Major point A. First-level supporting point 1. Second-level supporting point 2. Second-level supporting point a. Third-level supporting point b. Third-level supporting point B. First-level supporting point II. Major point A. First-level supporting point B. First-level supporting point Indentation – formatting by spacing inward various levels of points Alternate letters and numbers

I. Major point A. First-level supporting point B. First-level supporting point II. Major point A. First-level supporting point B. First-level supporting point Subordination Placement of supporting points under major points

Outlines have 3 Basic Parts Introduction: includes attention getter and preview Body: 75-80% of your speaking time and outline Conclusion: sum up and leave them with something memorable These will start fairly simply and get more complicated as the speeches get longer and more complex

Note Cards Key words and phrases. For example, Story about Monks Key word approach helps jar your memory.

Creating Speaking Note Cards ú Write legibly – print or type key words. ú Number your cards. ú Write on only one side of each card. ú Delete nonessential words. ú Use five or six lines per card. ú Highlight important ideas. ú Practice in front of another person—your most critical friend. ú Use cards unobtrusively.

8 Attention Getters Audience Question Amusing Anecdote Startling Statement Startling Statistic Hypothetical Situation Quotation Joke Paint a Picture