© T. M. Whitmore Last Time SE Asia European colonization Contemporary population issues in SE Asia Country details in SE Asia
© T. M. Whitmore Today SE Asia country details: Indonesia & Philippines Australia & New Zealand Physical Geography Population and density issues Historical, economic, and cultural Immigration and Maori & Aboriginal rights Papua New Guinea & the Pacific realm (Oceania)
© T. M. Whitmore Indonesia ~ 221 m pop (~ ½ of total in SE Asia ) Very diverse country (despite being 85% Muslim) Literally hundreds of local cultures > 17,000 islands => hard to administer (but most pop lives in Java and Sumatra) Separatist groups in Papua, Aceh, and the Moluccas (and formerly in E Timor)
© T. M. Whitmore Indonesia Population density a problem in Java > 1,500 per sq mi ~ like a city Govt. solutions include “voluntary” resettlement of Javanese to outlying islands and Borneo Jakarta — giant city of SE Asia > 8m Economy still dominated by agriculture, but assembly manufacturing and oil gaining Economics hit hard by Ache tsunami
© T. M. Whitmore Philippines ~ 85 m pop Mostly Roman Catholic (Muslim in south) thus odd in this group Fragmented like Indonesia into thousands of islands Active rebel groups in S Population growth a main issue r ~ 2.3%/yr
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© T. M. Whitmore Australia & New Zealand Size and location Physical Geography Climate Vegetation and physical features
© T. M. Whitmore Population in Australia & New Zealand Australia Low population Large area => low density New Zealand Small pop but small area
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© T. M. Whitmore History & Settlement of Australia Aboriginal inhabitants European entry & impact Core area of settlement Either side of Great Dividing Range Major cities here: Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide Vast majority of pop is urban ~ 85%
© W.H. Freeman & Co.
© T. M. Whitmore Australia: Export-based primary sector economy mostly Minerals and ores — iron, copper, coal, nickel, etc a major supplier Agricultural animals beef, lambs, sheep, wool (20-30% or total for world) Wheat: 4th largest producer “Import substitution” local economy Spatially economy is like a donut Problem: to keep up with high growth mostly industrial economies in Far East
© Pearson Education – Prentice Hall
© T. M. Whitmore New Zealand Native settlement People of Polynesian origins called Maori settled in ~ 1000 AD Bulk of Maori settlement on N island European exploration and settlement Tasman in late 1600s British influence dates from Cook in 1769/70 European and Maori encounters Initial impact was a prolonged and bloody war A second impact was the effect of disease
© T. M. Whitmore New Zealand Transformations by European settlers Extinctions: e.g., moas Introduction of cattle, pigs, and sheep Huge deforestation Population and settlement Most settlement is on N island ~ 4m pop (sheep ~ 25m and cattle ~ 8m ~ 85% urban peripheral settlement pattern like Australia
© Pearson Education – Prentice Hall
© T. M. Whitmore New Zealand Economy Traditional ties to Great Britain As the UK joined the EC and preferential trade was stopped Does not have a rich mineral resource base – animal agriculture base Modern economic ties are to various Pacific rim countries
© T. M. Whitmore Immigration, Maori, & Aboriginal rights Australian aboriginal rights Court cases have given economic rights Backlash by right wing political parties Aborigines are by far the worst off of groups Maori issues increasingly demanding traditional rights to fishing etc. ~ 10% of pop is Maori by 2010 they may be 25% of pop
© W.H. Freeman & Co.
© John Wiley & Sons Aboriginal Land claims N. Territory Aboriginal lands
© W.H. Freeman & Co.
© T. M. Whitmore Immigration, Maori, & Aboriginal rights II Asian immigration in Australia Until 1970s Australia maintained a “Whites only” immigration policy changed in the 1970s and a large number of Asians have immigrated to Australia now only ~ 1/3 of Australians are of UK background
© W.H. Freeman & Co.