The Philosophy of Antiquity

Plan: 1. The Conditions of Origin, Peculiarities and Stages of Development of Ancient Philosophy. 2. The Development of Ideas in “Physical” Schools in Pre-Socratic Philosophy. 3. Ideas and Thinkers in the Classic period. 4. The Hellenistic period of Antiquity.

List of Literature: Basic : Kadnikova L. V. Philosophy. Historical-Philosophical Introduction: the course of lectures. K.: NAU, Spirkin A. Fundamentals of Philosophy. – Moscow: Progress Publishers, The Blackwell Companion to Philosophy, Second Edition Edited by Nicholas Bunnin, E. P. Tsui- James Copyright © 1996, 2003 Blackwell Publishers Ltd B. Russel A History of Western Philosophy / B. Russel. – London : George Allen & Unviwn LTD, — 923 p. Supplementary: J.L. Acrill. Essays on Plato and Aristotle / J.L. Acrill. – New York: Oxford University Press, — 251 p. John Burnet. Early Greek Philosophy / John Burnet. – [4 ed.] – London: A. & C. Black, — 375 p. Roy Burrel. The Greeks / Roy Burrel. – Oxford : Oxford University Press, — 243 p. Plato. Collected dialogues / Plato : [transl. by Lane Cooper and others]. – Princeton : Princeton University Press, — 1743 p. Primary sources: Aristotle. Metaphysics / Aristotle : [transl. by W. D. Ross]. — Electronic resource : dialogues.org/ dialogues.org/ Plato. Republic / Plato : [transl. by G.M.A. Gruber]. — Indianapolis : Hackett Publishing, — 300 p.

Classical Antiquity Classical antiquity is a broad term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. It is conventionally taken to begin with the earliest-recorded Greek poetry of Homer (8-7th century BC), and continues through the rise of Christianity and the decline of the Roman Empire (5th century). It ends with the dissolution of classical culture at the close of Late Antiquity (AD ), blending into the Early Middle Ages (AD ).

Sarcophagus with philosopher, Rome, Italy, ca 270 THE PHILOSOPHY OF ANTIQUITY Antique Philosophy was trying to overcome the mythology of feelings with the mythology of reason. This conflict between sensitive-intuitive and rational was intrinsic for all Antique Philosophy and further all European philosophy as well. The most important feature of antique worldview was cosmologism; in particular they laid earthly relations on the world of nature. They considered cosmos the bound of the extreme beauty and truth.

Main peculiarities of Antique Philosophy Main peculiarities of Antique Philosophy It was dynamic, rational and critical in its character. It was based on cosmologism as the key principle. It was universal, syncretical in its nature that is all problems were solved in their principal unity, indivisibly. Ethical categories were expanded to the whole Universe. Concepts were created and involved into philosophy (Plato’s “ideas”, Aristotle’s “forms”, Stoics’ notion of “sense”, “purport”), at the same time Greeks almost did not know laws of science. The Ethics of Antiquity was mostly ethics of virtues, but not of duties and values as it is now. Philosophy of Antiquity was really practical, guiding people in their behavior and conduct.

І – Pre-Socratic - natural philosophy (V І – 1 st half of V с. BC), ІІ – Classic - classical philosophy (2 nd half of V – І V с. BC), ІІІ – Hellenistic - late antique philosophy (end of І V с. BC – V с. AD). Stages of the development of ancient Greek philosophy

To be cotinued at the lecture. )