Chapter 24 – The Urinary System $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100$100$100 $200 $300 $400 $500 The Glomerulus Kidney Tubules Urine “Kidneying” “Urine Town” Hodgepodge FINAL ROUND

The Glomerulus: $100 Question What is the composition of the filtrate in the capsular space? a. Like urine, only more concentrated b. Similar to water c. Like urine, only less concentrated d. Similar to plasma, only no proteins BACK TO GAME ANSWER

The Glomerulus: $100 Answer What is the composition of the filtrate in the capsular space? a. Like urine, only more concentrated b. Similar to water c. Like urine, only less concentrated d. Similar to plasma, only no proteins BACK TO GAME

The Glomerulus: $200 Question What nephron structures are involved in filtration? a. PCT, lamina densa, and descending loop of Henle. b. Filtration slits of the podocytes and PCT c. Glomerular capillaries, lamina densa, and filtration slits of the podocytes d. Glomerular capillaries and PCT BACK TO GAME ANSWER

The Glomerulus: $200 Answer What nephron structures are involved in filtration? a. PCT, lamina densa, and descending loop of Henle. b. Filtration slits of the podocytes and PCT c. Glomerular capillaries, lamina densa, and filtration slits of the podocytes d. Glomerular capillaries and PCT BACK TO GAME

The Glomerulus: $300 Question Why don’t plasma proteins pass into the capsular space under normal circumstances? a. Glomerular capillary pores are too small. b. Glomerular blood pressure is too low. c. Glomerular filtration rate is too low. d. Glomerular blood flow it too slow. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

The Glomerulus: $300 Answer Why don’t plasma proteins pass into the capsular space under normal circumstances? a. Glomerular capillary pores are too small. b. Glomerular blood pressure is too low. c. Glomerular filtration rate is too low. d. Glomerular blood flow it too slow. BACK TO GAME

The Glomerulus: $400 Question What is the role of capsular hydrostatic pressure (CsHP)? a. Pushes water and solutes out of plasma into the filtrate b. Draws water out of the filtrate and into plasma c. Pushes water and solutes out the filtrate into plasma d. Regulates blood pressure BACK TO GAME ANSWER

The Glomerulus: $400 Answer What is the role of capsular hydrostatic pressure (CsHP)? a. Pushes water and solutes out of plasma into the filtrate b. Draws water out of the filtrate and into plasma c. Pushes water and solutes out the filtrate into plasma d. Regulates blood pressure BACK TO GAME

The Glomerulus: $500 Question Why are glomerular pressures higher than pressure in other capillaries? a. The efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole, increasing resistance. b. Sodium content of the filtrate increases pressure. c. E and NE cause increased glomerular pressure. d. The length of the afferent arteriole is longer than the efferent arteriole. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

The Glomerulus: $500 Answer Why are glomerular pressures higher than pressure in other capillaries? a. The efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole, increasing resistance. b. Sodium content of the filtrate increases pressure. c. E and NE cause increased glomerular pressure. d. The length of the afferent arteriole is longer than the efferent arteriole. BACK TO GAME

Kidney Tubules: $100 Question What effect does decreased Na + concentration of filtrate have on the pH of tubular fluid? a. Tubular fluid pH will be higher. b. Tubular fluid pH will be lower. c. There is not an effect on pH. d. Tubular fluid neutral, pH 7 BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Kidney Tubules: $100 Answer What effect does decreased Na + concentration of filtrate have on the pH of tubular fluid? a. Tubular fluid pH will be higher. b. Tubular fluid pH will be lower. c. There is not an effect on pH. d. Tubular fluid neutral, pH 7 BACK TO GAME

Kidney Tubules: $200 Question Why is the presence of microvilli important to the epithelial tissue of the PCT? a. Because reabsorption is occurring b. Because filtration is occurring c. Because secretion of toxins and ions is occurring d. Because urine elimination is occurring BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Kidney Tubules: $200 Answer Why is the presence of microvilli important to the epithelial tissue of the PCT? a. Because reabsorption is occurring b. Because filtration is occurring c. Because secretion of toxins and ions is occurring d. Because urine elimination is occurring BACK TO GAME

Kidney Tubules: $300 Question How does the diameter of the lumen of the loop of Henle change along its length? a. The lumen is widest near the PCT. b. The lumen is the same diameter along its length. c. The lumen is narrower where water reabsorption is occurring. d. None of these is correct. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Kidney Tubules: $300 Answer How does the diameter of the lumen of the loop of Henle change along its length? a. The lumen is widest near the PCT. b. The lumen is the same diameter along its length. c. The lumen is narrower where water reabsorption is occurring. d. None of these is correct. BACK TO GAME

Kidney Tubules: $400 Question Why does a decrease in Na + in the distal convoluted tubule lead to an increase in blood pressure? a. Because it decreases water content in blood b. Because it increases renin production c. Because it increases filtration rate d. Because it increases water loss through kidneys BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Kidney Tubules: $400 Answer Why does a decrease in Na + in the distal convoluted tubule lead to an increase in blood pressure? a. Because it decreases water content in blood b. Because it increases renin production c. Because it increases filtration rate d. Because it increases water loss through kidneys BACK TO GAME

Kidney Tubules: $500 Question Why does osmotic concentration decrease in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle? a. Urea is transported out of the tubule. b. Na + and CI - are actively transported out of the tubular fluid. c. The thick ascending limb is permeable to water. d. A and B are correct. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Kidney Tubules: $500 Answer Why does osmotic concentration decrease in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle? a. Urea is transported out of the tubule. b. Na + and CI - are actively transported out of the tubular fluid. c. The thick ascending limb is permeable to water. d. A and B are correct. BACK TO GAME

"Urine Kidneying": $100 Question Which structures exit at the hilum of the kidney? a. Renal artery and nerves b. Renal vein and ureter c. Renal capsule and renal sinus d. A and B are correct BACK TO GAME ANSWER

"Urine Kidneying": $100 Answer Which structures exit at the hilum of the kidney? a. Renal artery and nerves b. Renal vein and ureter c. Renal capsule and renal sinus d. A and B are correct BACK TO GAME

"Urine Kidneying": $200 Question An obstruction of a ureter by a kidney stone limits the flow of urine between which two points? a. Ureter and urethra b. Renal medulla and renal pelvis c. Renal medulla and urethra d. Renal pelvis and urinary bladder BACK TO GAME ANSWER

"Urine Kidneying": $200 Answer An obstruction of a ureter by a kidney stone limits the flow of urine between which two points? a. Ureter and urethra b. Renal medulla and renal pelvis c. Renal medulla and urethra d. Renal pelvis and urinary bladder BACK TO GAME

"Urine Kidneying": $300 Question The ability to control the micturition reflex depends on the ability to control which muscle? a. Urogenital diaphragm b. Internal urinary sphincter c. External urinary sphincter d. Coccygeus BACK TO GAME ANSWER

"Urine Kidneying": $300 Answer The ability to control the micturition reflex depends on the ability to control which muscle? a. Urogenital diaphragm b. Internal urinary sphincter c. External urinary sphincter d. Coccygeus BACK TO GAME

"Urine Kidneying": $400 Question Mary has had a urinalysis that indicates a high level of bilirubin. What condition may she have? a. Liver disease b. Anorexia c. Ketonuria d. Renal infection BACK TO GAME ANSWER

"Urine Kidneying": $400 Answer Mary has had a urinalysis that indicates a high level of bilirubin. What condition may she have? a. Liver disease b. Anorexia c. Ketonuria d. Renal infection BACK TO GAME

"Urine Kidneying": $500 Question What effect does eating a high-protein diet have on the composition of urine? a. Increased urea b. Increased potassium c. Increased fluid volume d. A and C are correct BACK TO GAME ANSWER

"Urine Kidneying": $500 Answer What effect does eating a high-protein diet have on the composition of urine? a. Increased urea b. Increased potassium c. Increased fluid volume d. A and C are correct BACK TO GAME

"Urine Town" $100 Question Which portion of a nephron is not in the renal cortex? a. Proximal convoluted tubule b. Distal convoluted tubule c. Collecting duct d. Loop of Henle BACK TO GAME ANSWER

"Urine Town" $100 Answer Which portion of a nephron is not in the renal cortex? a. Proximal convoluted tubule b. Distal convoluted tubule c. Collecting duct d. Loop of Henle BACK TO GAME

"Urine Town" $200 Question Damage to which part of the nephron interferes with hormonal control of blood pressure? a. Bowman’s capsule b. Juxtaglomerular apparatus c. PCT d. Loop of Henle BACK TO GAME ANSWER

"Urine Town" $200 Answer Damage to which part of the nephron interferes with hormonal control of blood pressure? a. Bowman’s capsule b. Juxtaglomerular apparatus c. PCT d. Loop of Henle BACK TO GAME

"Urine Town" $300 Question What event occurs when the plasma concentration of a substance exceeds its tubular maximum? a. Glomerular blood pressure increases. b. Filtration shuts down. c. Excess is excreted in urine. d. Glomerular osmotic pressure decreases. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

"Urine Town" $300 Answer What event occurs when the plasma concentration of a substance exceeds its tubular maximum? a. Glomerular blood pressure increases. b. Filtration shuts down. c. Excess is excreted in urine. d. Glomerular osmotic pressure decreases. BACK TO GAME

"Urine Town" $400 Question How would the absence of juxtamedullary nephrons affect the volume of urine and its osmotic concentration? a. Decrease volume; decrease osmotic concentration b. Decrease volume; increase osmotic concentration c. Increase volume; decrease osmotic concentration d. Increase volume; increase osmotic concentration BACK TO GAME ANSWER

"Urine Town" $400 Answer How would the absence of juxtamedullary nephrons affect the volume of urine and its osmotic concentration? a. Decrease volume; decrease osmotic concentration b. Decrease volume; increase osmotic concentration c. Increase volume; decrease osmotic concentration d. Increase volume; increase osmotic concentration BACK TO GAME

"Urine Town" $500 Question Where is concentration of urine the greatest? Why? a. In the PCT / The PCT is where most reabsorption is occurring. b. In the medulla / Concentrating mechanism relies on osmosis c. In the DCT / Water diffuses out d. The glomerulus / It has highest concentration of solutes. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

"Urine Town" $500 Answer Where is concentration of urine the greatest? Why? a. In the PCT / The PCT is where most reabsorption is occurring. b. In the medulla / Concentrating mechanism relies on osmosis c. In the DCT / Water diffuses out d. The glomerulus / It has highest concentration of solutes. BACK TO GAME

Hodgepodge: $100 Question Where does urine production begin? a. Renal artery b. Minor calyces c. Nephron d. Collecting duct BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Hodgepodge: $100 Answer Where does urine production begin? a. Renal artery b. Minor calyces c. Nephron d. Collecting duct BACK TO GAME

Hodgepodge: $200 Question How are cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons structurally different? a. Cortical nephrons are surrounded by vasa recta. b. Cortical nephrons have very short PCTs. c. Juxtamedullary nephrons have longer loops of Henle. d. All of the above are differences. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Hodgepodge: $200 Answer How are cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons structurally different? a. Cortical nephrons are surrounded by vasa recta. b. Cortical nephrons have very short PCTs. c. Juxtamedullary nephrons have longer loops of Henle. d. All of the above are differences. BACK TO GAME

Hodgepodge: $300 Question What effect does an increased amount of aldosterone have on K + concentration of urine? a. K + Increases b. K + decreases c. No effect d. Impossible to predict BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Hodgepodge: $300 Answer What effect does an increased amount of aldosterone have on K + concentration of urine? a. K + Increases b. K + decreases c. No effect d. Impossible to predict BACK TO GAME

Hodgepodge: $400 Question All of the following except _______ are effects of angiotensin II. a. Elevation of glomerular pressures and GFR b. Inhibition of ADH release c. Elevation of arterial pressure throughout the body d. Stimulation of NA reabsorption in the DCT BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Hodgepodge: $400 Answer All of the following except _______ are effects of angiotensin II. a. Elevation of glomerular pressures and GFR b. Inhibition of ADH release c. Elevation of arterial pressure throughout the body d. Stimulation of NA reabsorption in the DCT BACK TO GAME

Hodgepodge: $500 Question What is the role of the vasa recta in the urinary system? a. Increasing specific gravity of urine b. Increasing the osmotic concentration of urine c. Returning water and solutes to general circulation d. Cleansing blood before it reenters systemic circulation BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Hodgepodge: $500 Answer What is the role of the vasa recta in the urinary system? a. Increasing specific gravity of urine b. Increasing the osmotic concentration of urine c. Returning water and solutes to general circulation d. Cleansing blood before it reenters systemic circulation BACK TO GAME

FINAL ROUND Question What direct affect does sympathetic activation have on GFR? a. Produces powerful vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole b. Metabolic waste buildup c. Dilation of the afferent arteriole d. Dilation of glomerular capillaries and constriction of the efferent arteriole BACK TO GAME ANSWER

FINAL ROUND Answer What direct affect does sympathetic activation have on GFR? a. Produces powerful vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole b. Metabolic waste buildup c. Dilation of the afferent arteriole d. Dilation of glomerular capillaries and constriction of the efferent arteriole BACK TO GAME