The Point Community: Life in a Chacoan Small House Community By Kathy Roler Durand Eastern New Mexico University and Linda Wheelbarger San Juan College.

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Presentation transcript:

The Point Community: Life in a Chacoan Small House Community By Kathy Roler Durand Eastern New Mexico University and Linda Wheelbarger San Juan College

Middle San Juan Communities Animas Community –Fort Site, 50 to 100 rooms Gallegos Community –Jaquez, 75 to 100 rooms Point Community –Point Site Stewart Community –Sterling Site

Study Samples Tommy Site (AD 850 to 1150) Pueblo I/II 106 burials containing 118 individuals Mine Canyon Site (AD 1150 to 1300) Pueblo III 39 burials containing 44 individuals

MSJROP Analyses PaleodemographyFuhrman Paleopathology (TS)Cline Paleopathology (MC)Adams CraniometricsGreene DNASnow, Durand, & Smith Bone ChemistryDeBoer & Tykot Faunal RemainsEnright DiscussantAkins

Gender Hierarchies (Neitzel 2000) Time PeriodGreat HousesSmall Houses Red Mesa (AD ) Male dominatedFemale dominated Gallup (AD ) ? (no male burials) Female dominated McElmo (AD ) Female dominated Mesa Verde (AD ) No dataNo hierarchy

Burials with Associated Ceramics Tommy SiteMine Canyon Burials with Ceramics 45 (42%)17 (44%) Burials without Ceramics 61 (58%)22 (56%)

Ceramic Grave Goods Tommy Site Mine Canyon FemaleMean Range1 to 51 to 2 MaleMean Range1 to 22 to 3

No Change Through Time Stable Isotope Analysis: no changes in amount of maize or meat consumption Cranial Morphology: very few differences in cranial measures over time

Changes Through Time DNA: shows two different populations represented Paleodemography: life expectancy increases over time, fertility decreases; more females in early assemblage, more males in later assemblage Paleopathology: activity indicators are similar in frequency for males and females early, females show more activity later

Discrete Dental Traits Used Shoveling of Upper Central Incisors Upper Canine Distal Accessory Ridge Cusp 5 of Upper First Molars Carabelli’s Cusp of Upper First Molars Protostylid of Lower First Molars Cusp 6 of Lower First Molars Cusp 7 of Lower First Molars

Conclusions Our results indicate it is extremely likely the sites were occupied by two different groups of people. The later Mine Canyon Site may have been established by immigrants from the north. Discrete dental traits appear to better reflect the genetic relationships of the samples than do the craniometric data.

Many Thanks to... Tommy Bolack for permission to analyze the skeletons and funding MSJROP San Juan College for logistical assistance Stephen Durand for maps, photographs, and statistical assistance David Batten for help in the field and constructive criticism Nancy Akins for agreeing to be our discussant!