5,4,3,2,1 go… can you talk about food chains and food webs for 60 seconds mentioning as many as the key words as possible? Food web Producer Consumer Decomposer.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Planet Earth.
Advertisements

Energy and Ecosystems 5.3 Ecological Pyramids.
By: Ashley Yamachika & Jackie Arakaki. Ecological Pyramid An ecological pyramid is a graphical representation designed to show the number of organisms,
Trophic Levels & Ecological Pyramids June 9, 2015 Energy Flow in Ecosystems 1.
Energy Flow Through the Ecosystem
Learning Objectives State key terms and definitions State that ecosystems are dynamic Describe how energy is transferred through ecosystems.
Consumers are not all alike. Herbivores eat only plants.
Food Pyramids.
Abiotic Factors  Non-living factors in an ecosystem  Include water, air, light, minerals, soil, temperature, and climate. Biotic Factors  All living.
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships KEY CONCEPT Ecology is the study of the interactions among living things, and between living things and their environment.
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson Energy Flow in Ecosystems Biomass is the total mass of all living things in a given area.  Biomass is also sometimes.
Energy Flow Food webs Pyramids. Classifying Organisms  Producer: organisms that can use inorganic sources to make their own food (e.g. plants)  Consumer:
Ecology Bingo Draw a 2 x 3 grid and fill it with 6 key words that you think might come up in today’s lesson... EcosystemCarnivore ConsumerProducer Food.
Ecosystem Structure.
Flow of Energy Through Ecosystems B-3.6. Energy Through Ecosystems  The flow of energy through ecosystems can be described and illustrated in food chains,
Objectives Explore the relationship between different animals in ecosystems in terms of energy transfer. Outcomes 3: Draw different diagrams to represent.
Energy Flow in the Ecosystem. Food chain – shows which organisms each which in an ecosystem.
An energy pyramid shows the distribution of energy among trophic levels.
Chapter 37.1 and 37.2 – Ecology Dynamics The Flow of Energy  Sun: ultimate source of energy  The flow of energy is one way – from photosynthetic.
 1. Everything is connected to everything else.  2. Everything must go somewhere.  3. There is no such thing as a free lunch.
Pyramids of numbers, biomass and productivity. STARTER: Plot these values on a bar graph Position in food chainNumber of organisms Producers100 Primary.
Flow of Matter and Energy. A food chain is a linear representation of who eats who in an ecosystem. Producers (plants, algae) Primary Consumer (herbivores)
MRS. SANDY GÓMEZ Energy Flow in Ecosystems. Are the feeding relationships between organisms. A Food Chain is:  transfer of food energy from its source.
3.1 Energy Flow in Ecosystem Mrs. Trimble Mrs. Perryman.
Food Chains Food Webs Energy Pyramids
2.1 Energy Flow in Ecosystems Biomass is the total mass of all living things in a given area. (measured in g/m 2 or kg/m 2) Organisms interact with the.
2.1 Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Part 2: Energy Flow and Nutrient cycles Support life in Ecosystem
Energy in Ecosystems KEY CONCEPT Life in an ecosystem requires a source of energy.
2.1 Energy Flow in Ecosystems Biomass is the total mass of all living things (ie. plants, animals, fungi, bacteria) in a given area. –Biomass can also.
Food Chains, Food Webs, and Ecological Pyramids. A food chain is the simplest path that energy takes through an ecosystem. Energy enters from the sun.
UNIT 2 THE ECOSYSTEM. 2.2 PRINCIPLES OF PYRAMIDS.
Chapter 1 Energy Transfer in the Biosphere
1. Please place guided reading in the basket. 2
Food Chains, Food Webs, and Ecological Pyramids
A food chain links species by their feeding relationships.
2.1 Energy Flow in Ecosystems
2.2 Flow of Energy in Ecosystems
2.1 Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Pyramids of numbers, biomass and productivity
Ecosystem Structure.
A food chain links species by their feeding relationships.
4.2 Energy flow.
Food Webs and Pyramids.
2.1 Energy Flow in Ecosystems
2.1 Energy Flow in Ecosystems
2.1 Energy Flow in Ecosystems
2.1 Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Productivity.
ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEMS
Almost all energy on Earth comes from the sun.
April 26, 2017 Journal: How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related to each other?
34.2 – Energy Flow.
Energy Flow in Ecosystems
What do the solid arrows represent?
5,4,3,2,1 go… can you talk about food chains and food webs for 60 seconds mentioning as many as the key words as possible? Food web Producer Consumer Decomposer.
2.1 Energy Flow in Ecosystems
The Niche a way of life or a role in an ecosystem.
3.3: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
4.2 Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Unit A: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere
Today’s Learning Target(s):. How is energy transferred in an ecosystem
Flow of Energy in Ecosystems
Food Chains, Food Webs, and Ecological Pyramids
Energy Flow 2.1.
Ecology Relationships Among Organisms
Ecology.
ENERGY FLOW SB4b.
FLOW OF ENERGY AND NUTRIENTS WITHIN ECOSYSTEMS
Presentation transcript:

5,4,3,2,1 go… can you talk about food chains and food webs for 60 seconds mentioning as many as the key words as possible? Food web Producer Consumer Decomposer Food chain Primary consumer Omnivore Detritivore Energy loss Quarternary Secondary consumer Trophic level Tertiary consumer Habitat Heat Respiration Carnivore Herbivore

Some Most All Ecological pyramids WAL: About how energy moves and is lost between trophic levels All Most Some What percentage of energy is transferred from one level to the next? What are the relative merits and disadvantages of each? What are the different types of ecological pyramid?

Today we are covering from the specification: Pages 70-72 of your textbook

Pyramids of numbers Food chains and food webs are a useful means of showing what different organisms eat and therefore energy flow. They do not provide quantitative information – ecological pyramids Usually they look like this:

Pyramids of Numbers What can be the problem? They can look odd Ecologists saw that numbers seemed to decline along the food chain, hence pyramid of numbers Of course they can look odd, why? A. 1 tree supports many caterpillars

Pyramids of Numbers No account is taken of size – one tree is given the same value as 1 aphid therefore they can look inverted. The number of individuals s so great that it is impossible to represent them accurately on the same scale as other species in the food chain – one tree and 1 million aphids They can look odd Ecologists saw that numbers seemed to decline along the food chain, hence pyramid of numbers Of course they can look odd, why? A. 1 tree supports many caterpillars

Pyramids of Numbers

Pyramids of biomass More reliable, quantitative description of a food chain is provided when their biomass is measured. Biomass is the total mass of the plants and/or animals in a particular place.

Biomass = dry mass of organisms Pyramids of Biomass Biomass = dry mass of organisms Given as gm-2 for an area Or gm-3 for a volume Biomass – dry mass of organisms in ecosystem

finding the biomass of worms Measuring biomass Problem: finding the biomass of worms Why is this so hard? How would you do it?

Problem the variability due to gut contents: Answer? To eliminate the problem of variability due to moisture content, you can dry your earthworms at 60°C for 24-48 hours to get “dry earthworm biomass”. Problem the variability due to gut contents: Answer? Keep the live earthworms in containers until they empty their guts (24-48 hours, if they don’t die in the process); Dissect the preserved earthworm and flush their opened gut; “ash” dry worms leaving only mineral gut contents.

A statistical relationship between length & dry biomass The answer? A statistical relationship between length & dry biomass Dry worm & weigh “ash” dry @ 500 oC Remove ash Weigh gut contents Subtract gut contents weight from dry weight Q. Why is the graph so useful?

Pyramids of biomass Fresh mass is quite easy to access but varying amounts of water makes it unreliable. Use dry mass but the organisms must be killed, therefore only small sample, which may not be representative.

Anomaly from pyramid of biomass with aquatic food chain Pyramids of Biomass Anomaly from pyramid of biomass with aquatic food chain Q. Why is there less biomass in producers than primary consumers? Even pyramids of biomass can look odd, e.g. marine pyramid where producers are short lived phytoplankton A. Sample is made at a single point in time and plant biomass may vary with season. Phytoplankton may also be reproducing quickly and so large turnover of biomass.

Pyramids of energy Most accurate representation of energy flow through an ecosystem. Collecting data can be difficult and complex. Data are collected in a given area (e.g one square metre) and in a set time (e.g. a year). Results are more reliable than those for biomass as 2 organisms of the same biomass may store different amounts of energy. 1g of fat stores 2x amount of energy of 1g carbohydrate.

Energy stored in each trophic level of a Florida ecosystem Pyramid of Energy Energy KJ m-2 y-1 Energy stored in each trophic level of a Florida ecosystem Q. Why might deriving energy content be difficult? Energy – the energy that flows into a trophic level, useful for chains with rapid turnover at a trophic level e.g. phytoplankton A. Two organisms of the same dry mass may have different energy contents e.g. more or less fat which is high in energy.

Task Do application questions and summary questions

Some Most All Ecological pyramids WAL: About how energy moves and is lost between trophic levels All Most Some What percentage of energy is transferred from one level to the next? What are the relative merits and disadvantages of each? What are the different types of ecological pyramid?