1 Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Week of Oct. 6 Indoor lab – bring calculator Week of Oct. 13 No labs – Fall Break Week of Oct. 20 Wet, muddy outdoor lab – wear closed-toed shoes Week of Oct. 27 Independent project set-up

2 Structure of course Environmental variability Organisms Ecosystems Populations Species interactions Communities Applied Ecological Issues

3 Outline for ecosystems Introduction How does energy move through an ecosystem? How does matter move through an ecosystem?

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5 What happens to net primary production?

6 Figure 6.2 Herbivore Carnivore

7 Figure 6.1 Primary producers Primary consumers Secondary consumers Tertiary consumers Trophic pyramid

8 Ecological/food chain efficiency = the percentage of energy in the biomass produced by one trophic level that is incorporated into the biomass produced by the next higher trophic level

9 Ecological/food chain efficiency = exploitation efficiency x gross production efficiency

10 How fast does energy move through an ecosystem? Biomass accumulation ratio = biomass / rate of biomass production

11 Figure 6.13 lowest on land standing biomass biomass production rate

12 Ecosystem Management - process of sustaining ecosystems, their processes, and the services they provide for future generations - example of Lake Mendota

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14 Outline for ecosystems Introduction How does energy move through an ecosystem? How does matter move through an ecosystem?

15 How does matter move through an ecosystem? Matter = elements e.g., what are ways that a carbon atom moves from one compartment of an ecosystem to another? How fast do carbon atoms move from one compartment to another?

16 Organisms move elements through chemical transformations organic C inorganic C

17 Figure 7.1 inorganic organic

18 Figure 7.2

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20 How does matter move through an ecosystem? Cycles between inorganic and organic forms and between different compartments of ecosystems Difference between matter and energy movement?

21 Figure 7.3

22 Cycles of matter water carbon nitrogen phosphorus sulfur Focus on important pools and transfers

23 Figure 7.4 Water cycle

24 Figure 7.5 Carbon cycle C cycle

25 Figure 7.6 Biological transformations of carbon

26 Fig N cycle

27 Figure 7.11b e.g., proteins inorganic forms used by plants Biological transformations of nitrogen

28 Figure 7.13 P cycle

29 Figure 7.14a S cycle

30 Figure 7.14b Biological transformations of sulfur

31 What do I expect you to know about element cycles? - which forms are available to bacteria, plants, and animals -which transfers are changes in form of the element - which transfers are biological transfers vs. chemical or physical transfers