Food and gastronomy in Smart Specialisation Kevin Morgan School of Planning and Geography Cardiff University

12 focus areas of Horizon 2020

The drivers of change  food security is now a national security issue  food chain accounts for 31% of GHG emissions in the EU  burgeoning problems of obesity/hunger/malnutrition  the growth of urbanisation

The potential of food  food is multi-functional connecting with issues of health, agriculture, waste, water, transport and social justice  place, provenance and…pleasure  sustainable food systems are supportive of sustainable communities  food is a planning prism for land, water, energy, transport and eco-system services

Agri-Food: a unique sector “Food is … vital to human health and well-being in a way that the products of other industries are not, and this remains the quintessential reason as to why we attach such profound significance to it. “ (Morgan, 2010:1852)

Source: S3 Platform

Smart specialisation Smart specialisation was designed with a dual purpose in mind: (i)to expedite agglomeration processes by reducing duplicative regional investments in science and technology and (ii)to encourage regional players, especially regional governments, to “particularise themselves by generating and stimulating the growth of new exploration and research activities” (Foray, 2015:11).

Critiques of S3 At least 2 major critiques of the S3 approach have emerged to date Social/ecological critique – S3 pays too little attention to social innovation and remains wedded to a narrow S&T model of innovation Social/economic critique – cities and regions must universalise not particularise the sectors of the foundational economy

Emilia-Romagna A ‘Regional Ecosystem of Innovation’ Emilia-Romagna has got a clear regional strategy on innovation started on 2002 with the Regional Law no. 7/02 :“Promotion of the Industrial Research, Technology Transfer and Innovation in the productive system of Emilia Romagna” Supporting the emergence of a “knowledge based economy”, focusing not only on actions to promote isolated excellence, but a framework of actions in order to create a “Regional Ecosystem of Innovation”.

Emilia-Romagna Research & Innovation strategy The strategy is based on three main pillar: stimulating R&D activity in firms and especially in SMEs, supporting projects involving newly graduates and including collaboration with research centres; promoting industrial research and technology transfer from Universities and public research organisations to firms through a regional network of industrial research laboratories and innovation centres; evolving industrial clusters towards knowledge dimension, through collaborative research and technology transfer, networking firms and promoting start ups.

Distributed Technopoles in Emilia-Romagna Technopoles are facilities dedicated to industrial research:  Facilities  Equipment  Human Resources Multi-Thematic Competences Distributed coverage across the 9 provinces of Emilia Romagna.

Nurturing a Regional Ecosystem of Innovation Distributed approach, geographically spread across the region. Collective experimentation and strategic collaboration between industry, governance, citizen and education- led innovation. Diverse range of scale of initiatives and approaches, supportive of SMEs and provenance/particularism Quality products – highest number of DOP and IGC certifications in Emilia-Romagna.

Typical products DOP IGP per region Emilia Romagna region with the most DPO and IGP certificates.

DegustiBO Beyond just PDO and PG: DegustiBO Brand of recognition created by the Province of Bologna and the Fondazione Currently there are 84 companies that boast the brand: 18 farmhouses, 23 restaurants, 11 food shops, 10 bakeries, 8 fresh pasta shops, 4 delicatessens, 7 butchers and 3 greengrocers. Tortellini Bolognesi

Cities – new food policy spaces Cities – the new sites of social innovation in food policy and practice Food Policy Councils – a total 263 in North America Sustainable Food Cities Network - cities learning from each other to promote “good food for all”

Malmo, Sweden

Malmo: “Eat SMART”

Malmo: leadership by example

Bristol - UK’s first Green Capital

Sustainable Food Cities Network, UK The Sustainable Food Cities Network brings together public, private and third sector organisations that believe in the power of food as a vehicle for driving positive change and that are committed to promoting sustainable food for the benefit of people and the planet. The Sustainable Food Cities approach is a tried and tested model for driving positive change which involves what we call the 3 Ps: Establishing an effective cross-sector Food Partnership Embedding healthy and sustainable food in Policy Developing and delivering a food strategy and Action Plan

New York City

NYC: AD CAMPAIGNS

NYC: NEW LEGISLATION

Naming & shaming in London

Food for Life FFLP is an alliance of civil society groups and municipalities FFLP is the gold standard in public and private sector catering FFLP is an example of social innovation from farm to fork

Ecological Linkages comprising ecosystem services and appropriate land-use planning; Socio-economic linkages, including shorter, more direct supply chains; and Governance linkages, bringing together urban and rural governance structures in a democratic and participatory way. Jennings et al., Sustainable City-Regions

The Milan 2015 Urban Food Policy Pact that aims to build awareness of urban food systems, policies and practices and also to harness political engagement by cities in order to ensure future activities on related issues. Urban Food Policy Pact, Milan 2015