Long Term Investing 401K’s, IRA’s, Mutual Funds

Financial Literacy Bank Accounts Credit Cards Brokerage Accounts Stocks Bonds Student Loans Real Estate

Historical Performance Performance is the sum of 2 components: Income (dividends or interest) Capital Gains (price rising) Minus any fees paid to invest & taxes owed on gains/interest These return #’s do not account for taxes paid

Asset Allocation Process of picking sectors to invest in Bonds Cash Account Stocks no risk med. risk high risk I think I’m brilliant very high risk $300,000 to invest ? ? ? ???? Real Estate

Mutual Funds professionally managed collective investment vehicle that pools money from investors to purchase securities –Some funds can buy only stocks or only bonds –Some funds can buy a combination of investments Professional Managers Invest your money. They are paid a yearly management fee Money Pooled in a specific fund

Hidden Fees on Mutual Funds Funds have yearly management fees You should not pay more than.75% per year Some funds have loads (1-time fee) to buy the fund Often these “loads” are hidden from investors Do not buy any fund with a load!

ETF’s ETF’s = exchange traded funds Similar to mutual funds, except they trade in the form of a stock. –Fees are typically lower than mutual funds –You can trade these during any trading day (very liquid) Examples: SPY (sp500), XLK (technology), GLD (gold)

Pick your own mutual fund Reading:

Brokerage Accounts Most financial institutions offer brokerage accounts –allow you to invest in stocks, bonds, mutual funds, commodities, etc…. Beware: many of these firms have high fees and sell load mutual funds!

Banks vs. Brokerage Firms Brokerage Firm Specialize in accounts for stocks, bonds, mutual funds Banks Checking & Savings accounts, credit cards, loans, & brokerage accounts

Types of Brokerage Accounts There are many types of brokerage accounts: 401-K IRA Roth IRA 1) Retirement: Tax deferred => no taxes until you take money out! 529 (college savings) 2) Specific Regular brokerage 3) Taxable

Retirement Gamble PBS Video 2013 PBS special on retirement investment dangers…. Play 19 minutes => end day 1 block period

Brokerage Accounts are used to save money in stocks, bonds, etc… Mutual funds are efficient ways to diversify your savings Mutual funds range from: - low fee, index funds - high fee, load, leveraged funds Types of accounts for retirement: IRA, Roth IRA, 401-K or Taxable Regular Savings account

Purpose of Your Stock Portfolio? YOUR PORTFOLIO OF STOCKS SP500 INDEX

Active Investing Buy & Hold Investing Actively manage stocks to “beat market” Often “market time” (get in, get out) Pay higher fees, taxes, trading costs Take more risk, often underperform market Passively manage stocks Never “market time” (get in, get out) Pay lower fees, taxes, trading costs Take less risk, match market return SP500 Market Return

Reading: Just How Dumb are Investors?

Continued: Retirement Gamble PBS Video 2013 PBS special on retirement investment dangers…. Play part 2: start 19 minutes in => end day 2 regular period

Reading: Mistrust Your Financial Instincts System 1 System 2

Financial Advisors are not required to act in your “best interest” (unless a fiduciary) System 1 (fast thinking) is dangerous when making investment decisions Confirmation Bias causes people to not learn from mistakes BUT! Cognitive dissonance is trying to help you learn! research shows most people don’t! Investment Wrap-up

. When confronted with new information, most people seek to preserve their current understanding of the world by rejecting, explaining away or avoiding the information

Warren Buffet Advice

Rule of 70 70/20% = 3.5 years 70/ 10% = 7 years 70/ 5% = 14 years in nominal terms Money Doubles in

The Power of Compounding