Question 1 Early prospectors would extract shallow deposits of ore by what? Placer mining

Question 2 After ore deposits near the surface dwindled, mining corporations began using what type of mining? Quartz mining

Question 3 What type of Union was the Iron Molders’ International Union? Trade union

Question 4 What phrase means “ let people do as they choose”? Laissez-faire

Question 5 People using the phrase “Pikes Peak or Bust” were what? Gold miners

Question 6 What manages property for others? Trust

Question 7 Why was petroleum in high demand before the invention of the automobile? It could be turned into kerosene

Question 8 Huge ranches that covered thousands of acres were called what? Haciendas

Question 9 What does laissez-faire rely on to regulate prices and wages? Free market

Question 10 Supporters of laissez-faire believed the government should interfere in the economy only to do what? Protect property and maintain peace

Question 11 What describes the historical significance of vaqueros? They taught their trade to American cowboys

Question 12 Measurements taken of Union soldiers during the Civil War led to the development of what? Ready-made clothes

Question 13 In the early 1800s, Americans did not think cattle ranches on the Great Plains were practical because why? Eastern cattle could not survive on tough prairie grasses

Question 14 What act began the railroad boom? Pacific Railroad Act

Question 15 In the late 1800s, workers buying power generally increased because why? Prices fell faster than wages

Question 16 What type of Union was the Knights of Labor? Industrial union

Question 17 A steel company that owns the coal mines, limestone quarries, and iron ore fields it depends on is an example of what? Vertical integration

Question 18 What machine changed bobbins without stopping? Automatic loom

Question 19 What did corporations hope to achieve with the purchase of new machines? Economies of scale

Question 20 The Chisholm Trail was a trail that did what? Cowboys used to drive cattle to a railroad line

Question 21 At first, ranchers saw barbed wire as a threat because it did what? Kept their herds from roaming freely

Question 22 What was a hardship faced by settlers on the Great Plains? Prairie fires

Question 23 How did railroad companies raise most of the money that was needed to build the railroad? Selling government land grants

Question 24 One approach to farming on the Great Plains was “dry farming” in which farmers did what? Planted seeds deep in the ground

Question 25 Before the Sand Creek Massacre, the Cheyenne had come to Fort Lyon to do what? Negotiate

Question 26 What country did rail workers that Central Pacific Railroad hire come from? China

Question 27 The Homestead Act gave land to homesteaders if they did what for 5 years? Lived on the land

Question 28 What owns stock in companies that produce goods? Holding company

Question 29 Large landholders on the Great Plains were able to Invest in the tools they needed

Question 30 Why did the government offer each railroad company land along its right-of-way? Encourage rapid construction of the tracks

Question 31 What invention enabled longer and heavier trains? Air brakes

Question 32 The fencing of the open range resulted in what? The end of cattle drives

Question 33 The Dawes Act attempted to help Native Americans by doing what? Giving them land for farming

Question 34 Economies of scale resulted in what? Lower costs and increased production

Question 35 The confrontation at Wounded Knee occurred because the chief’s followers did what? Performed a ritual

Question 36 In the 1890s, when a glut of wheat on the world market caused prices to drop, some farmers tried to survive how? Mortgaging their land

Question 37 What type of costs are wages, shipping charges, and supplies? Operating costs

Question 38 What did members of Congress think tariffs were necessary during the early day of industrialization? Protect new industries from foreign competition

Question 39 What type of costs are loans, mortgages, and taxes? Fixed costs

Question 40 Why did the army encourage the killing of the buffalo? Force Native Americans on reservations

Question 41 The Comstock Lode was a rich deposit of what? Silver

Question 42 Many of the first miners in the Colorado mountains did not find any minerals because why? The minerals were buried too deep