Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint TextEdit Art Slides for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Chapter 32 An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 32.1 An underwater glimpse of animal diversity on and around a coral reef

Protista Kingdom Fungi – like protists Plant – like protists Animal – like protists

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 32.3 A choanoflagellate colony Single cell Stalk

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 32.2 Early embryonic development in animals (layer 1) Zygote Cleavage Eight-cell stage

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 32.2 Early embryonic development in animals (layer 2) Zygote Cleavage Eight-cell stage Cleavage Blastula Cross section of blastula Blastocoel

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 32.2 Early embryonic development in animals (layer 3) Zygote Cleavage Eight-cell stage Cleavage Blastula Cross section of blastula Blastocoel Gastrula Gastrulation Endoderm Ectoderm Blastopore

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 32.2 Early embryonic development in animals (layer 3) Zygote Cleavage Eight-cell stage Cleavage Blastula Cross section of blastula Blastocoel Gastrula Gastrulation Endoderm Ectoderm Blastopore

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 32.4 A traditional view of animal diversity based on body-plan grades

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 32.7 Body symmetry Radial symmetry. The parts of a radial animal, such as a sea anemone (phylum Cnidaria), radiate from the center. Any imaginary slice through the central axis divides the animal into mirror images. (a) Bilateral symmetry. A bilateral animal, such as a lobster (phylum Arthropoda), has a left side and a right side. Only one imaginary cut divides the animal into mirror-image halves. (b)

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 32.2 Early embryonic development in animals (layer 3) Zygote Cleavage Eight-cell stage Cleavage Blastula Cross section of blastula Blastocoel Gastrula Gastrulation Endoderm Ectoderm Blastopore

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 32.8 Body plans of triploblastic animals Coelom Body covering (from ectoderm) Digestive tract (from endoderm) Tissue layer lining coelom and suspending internal organs (from mesoderm) Pseudocoelom Muscle layer (from mesoderm) Body covering (from ectoderm) Digestive tract (from ectoderm) Body covering (from ectoderm) Tissue- filled region (from mesoderm) Digestive tract (from endoderm) Coelomate. Coelomates such as annelids have a true coelom, a body cavity completely lined by tissue derived from mesoderm. (a) Pseudocoelomate. Pseudocoelomates such as nematodes have a body cavity only partially lined by tissue derived from mesoderm. (b) Acoelomate. Acoelomates such as flatworms lack a body cavity between the digestive tract and outer body wall. (c)

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 32.9 A comparison of protostome and deuterostome development Protostome development (examples: molluscs, annelids, arthropods) Deuterostome development (examples: echinoderms, chordates) Eight-cell stage Spiral and determinate Radial and indeterminate Coelom Archenteron Blastopore Mesoderm Coelom Blastopore Mesoderm Schizocoelous: solid masses of mesoderm split and form coelom Enterocoelous: folds of archenteron form coelom Anus Mouth Mouth develops from blastopore Anus develops from blastopore Cleavage. In general, protostome development begins with spiral, determinate cleavage. Deuterostome development is characterized by radial, indeterminate cleavage. (a) Coelom formation. Coelom formation begins in the gastrula stage. In protostome development, the coelom forms from splits in the mesoderm (schizocoelous development). In deuterostome development, the coelom forms from mesodermal outpocketings of the archenteron (enterocoelous development). (b) Fate of the blastopore. In protostome development, the mouth forms from the blastopore. In deuterostome development, the mouth forms from a secondary opening. (c) Digestive tube

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 32.4 A traditional view of animal diversity based on body-plan grades

Multicellular protists Cnidaria No true tissues (Parazoans) True tissues (Eumatazoans) Porifera Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry No body cavity Platyhelminthes Body cavity PseudocoelomatesCoelomates Rotifers ProtostomesDeuterostomes MolluscsAnnelidsArthropodsEchinodermsChordates

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 32.2 Early embryonic development in animals (layer 3) Zygote Cleavage Eight-cell stage Cleavage Blastula Cross section of blastula Blastocoel Gastrula Gastrulation Endoderm Ectoderm Blastopore

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure One hypothesis of animal phylogeny based mainly on morphological and developmental comparisons Porifera Cnidaria Ctenophora Phoronida Ectoprocta Brachiopoda Echinodermata Chordata Platyhelminthes Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda Rotifera Nemertea Nematoda “Radiata” DeuterostomiaProtostomia Bilateria Eumetazoa Metazoa Ancestral colonial flagellate

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure One hypothesis of animal phylogeny based mainly on molecular data Calcarea Silicarea Ctenophora Cnidaria Echinodermata Chordata Brachiopoda Phoronida Ectoprocta Platyhelminthes Nemertea Mollusca Annelida Rotifera Nematoda Arthropoda “Radiata” “Porifera” DeuterostomiaLophotrochozoaEcdysozoa Bilateria Eumetazoa Metazoa Ancestral colonial flagellate