Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 2 1/19/2012 Its Cold! 2/06/2014
Discovering the overwintering habits of D. suzukii Alex Hughan*, Amy J Dreves, and Amanda Ohrn Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 3 Eric Simmons
Overwintering Abilities of SWD Little is known in literature 400 flies (Kanzawa 1939) <1% survival over 3 years Trap catch shows same trend Winter refuges & heat island effect (Coop and Dreves Unpublished) Late fall morph Increased cold acclimation ability (Shearer and Brown Unpublished Data) Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 4 Eric Simmons
Overwintering Abilities of Drosophila Family D. melanogaster species group Stored triacylglycerols (Ohtsu et al. 1993) Cold hardening and acclimation (Rajamohan et al. 2009) D. pseudoobscura Reproductive diapause (Collett et al. 2001) Fertile sperm storage (Collett et al. 2001) Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 5
Motivation of SWD Food Protection Acquire Mates Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 6
Behavior of SWD Fall Decomposing and late harvest fruits splitting grapes, decomposing apples, figs, walnut, persimmons Winter Shift in abundance from crops to bordering trees Blueberries to surrounding trees Spray fields show greater SWD abundance than no spray Spring Feeding prior to oviposition Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 7
Past Hypotheses and Observations “It is said” between leaves and pebbles (Kyoiku 2003) D. pseudoobscura Fermenting leaves (Collett et al. 2001) Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 8
9 Adjacent Trees/Habitat
How can we utilize this knowledge? Management practices Attract and kill Mass trapping Windows of opportunity Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 11
So where are they? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 12
Soil or duff layers? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 13
Soil? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 14
Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 15
Soil? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 16
Fallen Fruit? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 17
Fallen Fruit? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 18
Fallen Fruit? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 19
Fallen Fruit? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 20
Hanging Fruit? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 21
Hanging Fruit? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 22
Hanging Fruit? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 23
Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 24
Lichens or barks of bordering trees? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 25
Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 26
Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 27
Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 28
Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 29
Lichens or barks of bordering trees? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 30
Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 31
Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 32
Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 33
Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 34
Or maybe the leaf litter? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 35
Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 36
Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 37
Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 38
Results Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 39 Location (Sample Type)SWD Presence Soil/DuffNo Fallen FruitYes (8) Hanging FruitYes (6) Cardboard CondoNo Trees/Lichens Bug VacuumYes (5) Leaf LitterNo Underneath board in hoophouseYes (3) Under black plastic lining strawberriesYes (2) Eric Simmons
40 Predator survey of leaf litter/soil/debris collected under late-season blueberry plants 2012
How can we interpret these finding? Preference for sites providing Shelter (Architecture) Fuel Future research a need for conclusive results! Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 41
A Needle in a Haystack Assumptions: OW SWD Population = 5000 individuals/acre Farm Size (BBM) = 6 square acre’s w/ 33m ceiling Each fly has a ~27m^3 volume space at BBM!! Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 42
What questions exist? What triggers SWD to enter diapause? Winter survival more passive or active? (<1%) What have SWD’s cousin’s done? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 43 Eric Simmons
Thank You Amy J Dreves, Amanda Ohrn for your mentorship thus far. A special thank you to Rich Little (retired entomologist) and Amy J Dreves for the planning and creation of an effective bug vacuum BBM and DF for hosting my research on their land. USDA-NIFA-SCRI Grant Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 44
45 Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan