Ch.19.4 Bell Work List as many current labor unions as possible. 12 Reading Notes DQ Critical thinking #42 Objective Breakdown

Adam Smith Law Supply & Demand: In any business, prices and profits would be fixed by the relationship of supply to demand. If an article was scarce and in great demand. Profits from sale would rise and people would invest. Law of Competition: Least efficient businesses would be forced out of business. They are selling like Hotcakes!!!!

“The Greater Good” Jeremy Bentham-Utilitarianism Every act of society should be judge on its utility or usefulness. A law was good if it led to the “greatest good for the greatest number of people” People need education so they can determine what things are good for them. Worked to reform prison and the legal system. Government should create conditions to enable as many people as possible to find happiness.

Reformers Charles Dickens- English author who wrote novels to attack selfish business owners. John Stuart Mill-Believed in Laissez Faire, but believed government should work for the well being of all. Thomas Malthus- believed population increase posed the greatest challenge to human progress.

Labor Unions Labor unions tried to get better wages and working conditions through force of numbers. Gatherings of workers were illegal in many countries. In Great Britain Parliament repealed the Combinations Act and made strikes legal. Strikes and collective bargaining are part of the management/union relationship. Reforms that improved the lot factory workers in Great Britain: Factory Act of 1819, Ten Hours Act, repeal of the Combinations Acts, Legalization of unions.

Who? “ I confess that I am not charmed with the ideal of life held out by those who think that the normal state of human beings is that of struggling to get on; that the trampling, crushing, elbowing, and treading on each other’s heels, which form the existing type of social life, are the most desirable lot of human beings.” John Stuart Mill

Who? “It is not from the benevolence [kindliness] of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their self-interest. We address ourselves not to their humanity, but their self-love and never talk to them of our necessities, but of their advantages,” Adam Smith