CIVIL WAR

Leading to War Most Southern states bought goods from Europe because they were cheaper. Tariff of 1828-made goods from other countries more expensive than goods from the North South Carolina was ready to secede because of the tax on imports

Alexander Stephens and the Georgia Platform Alexander Stephens-supported staying with the Union; ended up as the Vice-President of the Confederate States of America Georgia Platform was when Georgia declared that they wanted the North to support the Fugitive Slave Act and to stop trying to ban slavery in new states. Fugitive Slave Act: a law declaring all states must help return runaway slaves to their owners.

Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln (first Republican President) elected to office. The south seceded because Lincoln was an abolitionist who supported freeing Dred Scott. He said he would try to end the spread of slavery.

Succession States that seceded: Virginia, North and South Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida The South became a separate country known as the Confederate States of America. The South became a separate country known as the Confederate States of America. President of the new country was Jefferson Davis Jefferson Davis.

Confederate States of America Main Issues States Rights’-state interests were more important than that of the national government. States Rights’-state interests were more important than that of the national government. The right to have slaves and buy goods from Europe without paying import tariffs (taxes). The right to have slaves and buy goods from Europe without paying import tariffs (taxes).

Union Main Issue To preserve (keep) the United States together as one united country. To preserve (keep) the United States together as one united country. To abolish slavery. To abolish slavery.

Shots Fired-War Begins Fort Sumter – April 12, 1861 Confederates attacked and the Union surrendered the fort. Confederates attacked and the Union surrendered the fort.

Union Blockade Lincoln ordered the navy to block all Southern ports from South Carolina to Texas (Savannah included). People couldn’t sell their goods = no money coming in to the Confederacy. South could not get supplies from other countries either. Ft. Pulaski was supposed to protect Savannah…it fell to the Union after two days of artillery fire.

Battle of Antietam Confederate General-Robert E. Lee Union General-George B. McClellan Confederates were trying to gain control of the Union capital (Washington, D.C.) Union victory Total Causalities: 26,410 soldiers

Emancipation Proclamation 1862 A document that stated that all slaves in rebel states would be free, unless the Confederates surrendered. They didn’t, so slavery ended. Also promised slaves freedom if they joined the Union army

Gettysburg Gettysburg, Pennsylvania-Union victory Confederate General-Robert E. Lee Union General-George G. Meade Total Casualties: 51, 112 soldiers

Battle of Chickamauga The Union was trying to gain the railroad center at Chattanooga, TN. Confederate General-Braxton Bragg won as a Confederate victory Union General- William Rosecrans; then General Ulysses S. Grant showed up with more troops. Union ended up pushing the Confederates out of Chattanooga anyway and the Union took control of the railroad station.

Sherman’s Atlanta Battle Fought many small battles from Chickamauga to Atlanta. Confederate General was Joseph Johnston who was replaced by John Bell Hood. Union General-William T. Sherman Sherman took over the city (factories and railroads) from Sept. 1 st until November 15 th then after all citizens had left, they set fire to the city.

Sherman’s March to the Sea He burned everything from Atlanta to Savannah in a 60 mile wide path. Destroyed all military targets and civlian supplies including roads, farms, homes, towns, bridges, and railroad lines. He wanted the people of the south to suffer and surrender to the Union. He reached Union-controlled Savannah around Christmas of 1864.

March to the Sea continued He made that joke that he’d given Savannah to President Lincoln as a Christmas present. Sherman didn’t destroy Savannah because the Union could use the guns and ammunition as well as the surplus cotton that was stored there. The Union sold the cotton for $28 million.

End of the War After Savannah surrendered to Sherman, Robert E. Lee and the Confederate army were divided and supplies were completely cut off. Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia on April 9 th, (only five months after Sherman’s take over of Savannah)

Andersonville Confederate prison for captured Union soldiers. Dirty and crowded, but the only prison Lacked fresh water, food, and medical supplies, so many died. Over 13,000 Union soldiers died in Andersonville