Presented to: By: Date: Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from North Florida FSDO Instructor Professionalism CFI Special Emphasis Program Training Accident Statistics Risk Management Teaching Judgment Designated Pilot Examiners Dennis H. Whitley, FAASTeam January 31, 2013

Federal Aviation Administration 2 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Professional A professional is a person who is paid to undertake a specialized set of tasks and to complete them for a fee. The traditional professions were doctors, engineers, lawyers, architects and commissioned military officers. Today, the term is applied to nurses, accountants, educators, scientists, technology experts, social workers, artists,doctorsengineerslawyers architectscommissioned military officersnurses accountantseducatorsscientiststechnology expertssocial workersartists

Federal Aviation Administration 3 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Professional A professional is a person who is paid to undertake a specialized set of tasks and to complete them for a fee. The traditional professions were doctors, engineers, lawyers, architects and commissioned military officers. Today, the term is applied to nurses, accountants, educators, scientists, technology experts, social workers, artists,doctorsengineerslawyers architectscommissioned military officersnurses accountantseducatorsscientiststechnology expertssocial workersartists And - Flight Instructors !!!

Federal Aviation Administration 4 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Professional A professional is a person who is paid to undertake a specialized set of tasks and to complete them for a fee. The traditional professions were doctors, engineers, lawyers, architects and commissioned military officers. Today, the term is applied to nurses, accountants, educators, scientists, technology experts, social workers, artists,doctorsengineerslawyers architectscommissioned military officersnurses accountantseducatorsscientiststechnology expertssocial workersartists And - Designated Pilot Examiners

Federal Aviation Administration 5 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Attitude Indicators

Federal Aviation Administration 6 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Attitude Indicators

Federal Aviation Administration 7 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Attitude Indicators

Federal Aviation Administration 8 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Attitude Indicators

Federal Aviation Administration 9 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Attitude Indicators Professional Not So Pro

Federal Aviation Administration 10 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Types of Flight Instructors KXXXBackyard / Restaurant Instruction KXYZ Good Old Boy Flying Ranch KTPFFlight Inc. 141/142Pro Flight Corp.

Federal Aviation Administration 11 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Types of Flight Environments WimaumaC-140VFR Weekends KTPF-KLALC-172VFR Week days KVDF-KPDKKA-200LO or HI Airways KTPA-KATLB737RNP DP

Federal Aviation Administration 12 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program The North Florida FSDOs have oversight responsibility for the largest volume of flight training and pilot certification activity within the purview of the Federal Aviation Administration

Federal Aviation Administration 13 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Florida FSDO Borders Alabama FSDO SO09 North Florida FSDO SO15 & SO35 South Florida FSDO SO19

Federal Aviation Administration 14 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Tampa – NM Radius= 8081 Pilots North Florida FSDO SO35

Federal Aviation Administration 15 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Tampa – NM Radius= 1684 Inst. North Florida FSDO SO35

Federal Aviation Administration 16 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from How many pilot certificates were issued in the North Florida Area last year? ?

Federal Aviation Administration 17 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from How many pilot certificates were issued in the North Florida Area last year? 16,700

Federal Aviation Administration 18 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPECIAL EMPHASIS PROGRAM In response to a high number of aircraft accidents and incidents involving flight training aircraft, the Orlando and Tampa FSDO along with the FAA Safety Program Managers initiated the first Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program on September 1, This program has evolved into one of the most important activities conducted by the FAA Safety Team or FAASTeam in the North Florida FSDO area of responsibility. This has become a model for similar CFI programs across the country.

Federal Aviation Administration 19 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPECIAL EMPHASIS PROGRAM Designed to provide more direct and focused FAA involvement with the Flight Training Community. Accomplished in a positive, educationally oriented manner.

Federal Aviation Administration 20 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPECIAL EMPHASIS PROGRAM Program Goals  Improve the quality of flight training within the flight schools  Increase awareness among flight instructors of their instructional responsibilities  Reduce the number of flight training accidents and incidents

Federal Aviation Administration 21 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPECIAL EMPHASIS PROGRAM Core Elements of Program  Initial Flight Instructor Certification  Flight Training Accident & Incident Investigations  Bi-weekly CFI/DPE Special Emphasis Meetings  Pilot Examiner Oversight  Part 141 Pilot School Oversight

Federal Aviation Administration 22 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPECIAL EMPHASIS PROGRAM Requirements for renewal of Certificate. 8 Modules consisting of FAA specific Certified Core Topics Each module 3 hours in duration 24 months to complete modules

Federal Aviation Administration 23 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPECIAL EMPHASIS PROGRAM Requirements for renewal of Certificate. Registered on FAASafety.gov and initialed attendance sheet Your attendance record signed by Facilitator Test sheet signed by Facilitator

Federal Aviation Administration 24 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPECIAL EMPHASIS PROGRAM Module #7Wednesday-Jun 30th 2010Tampa FSDO 6:30 PM –Core Topic 13 - Effective Teaching –Core Topic 14 – Industry training Standards Module #8Wednesday-Sep. 29th 2010Tampa FSDO 6:30 PM –Core Topic 15 - Runway Incursions Module #1Wednesday-Dec. 29th 2010Tampa FSDO 6:30 PM –Core Topic 1 - The FAA Safety Team –Core Topic 2 - Pilot Proficiency Wings Program Module #2Wednesday-Mar 30th 2011Tampa FSDO 6:30 PM –Core Topic 3 - Technically Advanced Aircraft –Core Topic 4 - GPS Navigation

Federal Aviation Administration 25 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPECIAL EMPHASIS PROGRAM Module #3Wednesday-Jun. 29th 2011Tampa FSDO 6:30 PM –Core Topic 5 - IACRA –Core Topic 6 – Sport Pilot Module #4Wednesday-Sep. 28th 2011Tampa FSDO 6:30 PM –Core Topic 7 - TSA –Core Topic 8 – Security related Special Use Airspace Module #5Wednesday-Dec. 28th 2011Tampa FSDO 6:30 PM –Core Topic 9 - Safety trends in GA –Core Topic 10 - Risk Management Module #6Wednesday-Mar. 28th 2012Tampa FSDO 6:30 PM –Core Topic 11 - Takeoff / Ldg / Low Altitude maneuvering –Core Topic 12 – Aircraft Operational Limitations

Federal Aviation Administration 26 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPECIAL EMPHASIS PROGRAM FAA Safety Team (FAASTeam) Support  “CFI / DPE Special Emphasis Program” Meetings  Web Site: FAASafety.gov  LAL FAA Safety Center Presentations  Web Site:  FAASTeam CFI Workshop National Program  Web Site:

Federal Aviation Administration 27 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPECIAL EMPHASIS PROGRAM The Program has demonstrated that a PARTNERSHIP between the FAA and the Flight Training Community can ACHIEVE REMARKABLE RESULTS

Federal Aviation Administration 28 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Accident & Incident Analysis The Orlando and Tampa FSDO has carefully analyzed 386 flight training accidents & incidents occurring within the district since the beginning of FY 1999 to determine: Causal Factors Trends Training Deficiencies

Federal Aviation Administration 29 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from ORLANDO FSDO ACCIDENT & INCIDENT SUMMARY FLIGHT TRAINING ACCIDENTS & INCIDENTS

Federal Aviation Administration 30 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from FY 2007 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT DETAILED SUMMARY OCCURRENCE STUDENT & CFI SOLO STUDENT COLLISION ON GND 1 GO AROUND (single eng.) 1 HELO HOVER 3 HELO SLOPE LND 1 HELO AUTOROTATION 11 WAKE TURBULENCE 1 FUEL EXHAUSTION 1 HARD LANDING (180 accu. lnd.) 1 GEAR-UP 3 LANDING (loss of control) 2 14

Federal Aviation Administration 31 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from FY 2008 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT DETAILED SUMMARY OCCURRENCE STUDENT & CFI SOLO STUDENT COLLISION ON GND 1 3 TAKEOFF 3 HARD LANDING 2 GEAR-UP 6 GEAR DOWN WATER LANDING 1 HELO HARD LANDING 1 HELO AUTOROTATION 1 HELO GROUND VIBRATION 1 UNLATCHED CANOPY / DOOR 1 1 SR-20 BRAKE FIRE 1 WATER IN FUEL 1 LANDING (loss of control) 2 19

Federal Aviation Administration 32 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from FY 2009 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT DETAILED SUMMARY OCCURRENCE STUDENT & CFI SOLO STUDENT COLLISION ON GND 1 1 HARD LANDING 3 GEAR-UP 6 HELO (dynamic rollover) 1 HELO (hard landing) 1 FUEL EXHAUSTION 1 STALL / SPIN 1 TAKEOFF (loss of control) 1 GLIDER (off airport landing) 1 LANDING (loss of control) 2 5

Federal Aviation Administration 33 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from FY 2010 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT DETAILED SUMMARY OCCURRENCE STUDENT & CFI SOLO STUDENT COLLISION ON GND 1 HELO (hard landing) 3 FUEL MISMANAGEMENT 1 1 GEAR-UP 4 TAKEOFF (loss of control) 1 LANDING (loss of control) 6 15

Federal Aviation Administration 34 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from FY 2011 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT DETAILED SUMMARY OCCURRENCE STUDENT & CFI SOLO STUDENT COLLISION ON GND 1 STALL / SPIN 2 FUEL EXHAUSTION 1 HELICOPTER AUTOROTATION 1 HELICOPTER GRASS FIRE 1 GEAR-UP 4 LANDING (loss of control) 3 20

Federal Aviation Administration 35 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from FY 2012 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT DETAILED SUMMARY OCCURRENCE STUDENT & CFI SOLO STUDENT COLLISION ON GND 1 1 HELICOPTER HARD LANDING 2 HELICOPTER DYNAM. ROLL. 1 GEAR-UP 21 ENGINE FIRE 1 HARD LANDING 2 ABORTED TAKEOFF 2 LANDING (loss of control) 0 4

Federal Aviation Administration 36 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Major Contributor to 2012 Event Reduction Less Student Pilot Loss of Control During Landing Events Year Total Events Student L.O.C. Ratio % % % % % %

Federal Aviation Administration 37 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Other Major Contributors to ORL – TPA Flight Training Accidents & Incidents Student & CFI hard landings, gear-ups, & loss of control Year Total Events Landing Events Ratio % % % % % % %

Federal Aviation Administration 38 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from FY 2013 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT DETAILED SUMMARY OCCURRENCE STUDENT & CFI SOLO STUDENT GEAR-UP 1 HARD LANDING 1* * during practical test LANDING (loss of control) 0 2

Federal Aviation Administration 39 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Orlando - Tampa FSDO Efforts Orlando and Tampa FSDO Inspectors, Pilot Examiners, and Pilot Schools have worked diligently to achieve a reduction in the number of landing accidents and incidents occurring during flight training within the District.

Federal Aviation Administration 40 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Examiner Responsibilities Examiner Special Emphasis Initiatives Place increased emphasis upon landings and go- arounds during practical tests at all certificate levels. Place significant emphasis upon proper instructional techniques and demonstration of landings and go- arounds during flight instructor practical tests. Develop scenario based questions applicable to flight instructor responsibilities associated with supervising student solo flights. Test flight instructor “student error” intervention.

Federal Aviation Administration 41 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Pilot School Responsibilities Pilot School Special Emphasis Initiatives Pre-solo stage checks by senior instructors Additional supervised solo operations Enhanced dual cross-country training Supervised solo at cross-country destinations

Federal Aviation Administration 42 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Flight Instructor /Student Solo Responsibilities If a student cannot perform the “Solo Checklist ” functions without guidance or assistance from the flight instructor, then the student is not ready to solo

Federal Aviation Administration 43 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Examiner Responsibility If an applicant cannot perform the functions of the “Solo Checklist ” during a practical test, then the applicant fails the test. All 10 items on the “Solo Checklist” are supported by the applicable PTS and Airplane Flying Handbook

Federal Aviation Administration 44 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Opportunities for Improvement Examiner Special Emphasis Initiatives Place increased emphasis upon landings and gear operation during practical tests at all certificate levels. Place significant emphasis upon proper instructional techniques and demonstration of landings and gear operations during flight instructor practical tests. Develop scenario based questions applicable to landing gear system malfunctions. Test flight instructor “student error” intervention associated with landings and landing gear operations.

Federal Aviation Administration 45 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Flight Instructor / Student SOLO Responsibilities In order to solo, a student must be able to: Make competent go / no-go decisions for every flight Determine the location of all other traffic while in the pattern Establish and maintain a stabilized approach Determine wind direction and make proper control inputs Manage energy so landings occur at the touchdown point Land with and maintain proper pitch attitude Keep the longitudinal axis parallel to and over the centerline Keep the centerline between the main wheels during landing Correctly respond to any abnormality or emergency Communicate properly & effectively with other traffic or ATC

Federal Aviation Administration 46 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Additional Examiner Responsibiliti es Identify Training Deficiencies Observe applicant’s seat position Eye Level Position of Feet on Rudders Observe touchdown control movements Proper Aileron Input for Crosswind Elevator “Follow-through” Automobile Driving “Negative Transfer”

Federal Aviation Administration 47 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Identify Training Deficiencies “The eye can’t see what the mind does not know” De-brief all Applicants and their Recommending Flight Instructors regarding Training Deficiencies

Federal Aviation Administration 48 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Other Major Contributors to ORL – TPA FSDO Flight Training Accidents & Incidents Discussion focused on Student Loss of Control during Landing Rollout Add to discussion Student Solo or CFI with Student HARD LANDINGS GEAR-UPS

Federal Aviation Administration 49 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Opportunities for Improvement Group Discussion Recommendations More PINK

Federal Aviation Administration 50 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Opportunities for Improvement More Notices of Disapproval

Federal Aviation Administration 51 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Opportunities for Improvement Only 25 % of practical tests conducted by Orlando FSDO DPEs are failed due to unsatisfactory landing tasks Discontinuity Strictly apply PTS, “Solo Checklist”, and Airplane Flying Handbook guidelines

Federal Aviation Administration 52 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Opportunities for Improvement Think PINK

Federal Aviation Administration 53 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Risk Management: A Definition The part of the decision- making process that relies on Situational awareness Problem recognition, and Good judgment to reduce risks associated with each flight.

Federal Aviation Administration 54 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Teaching Risk Management Identifying hazards Assessing risk Understanding its time-critical nature Including risk- management controls in training

Federal Aviation Administration 55 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Teaching Judgment We’re trying to answer the enduring questions: “Can you teach judgment?” “If yes, how?”

Federal Aviation Administration 56 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Risk Management Before you make decisions, you must: 1. Identify risk factors (hazards) 2. Assess their likelihood 3. Evaluate their severity

Federal Aviation Administration 57 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Defining Terms: Hazard A present condition, event, object, or circumstance that could lead to or contribute to an unplanned or undesired event such as an accident. Is it a source of danger?

Federal Aviation Administration 58 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Defining Terms: Risk The future impact of a hazard that is not controlled or eliminated. 1. Future uncertainty created by the hazard. 2. If it involves skill sets, the same situation may yield different risks. 3. Could also be described as the “degree of uncertainty.”

Federal Aviation Administration 59 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Types of Risk Total Risk: The sum of identified and unidentified risks. Identified Risk: Risk that has been determined. Unidentified Risk: Often identified only after an accident. Unacceptable Risk: Can’t be tolerated. Must be eliminated or controlled. Acceptable Risk: Identified but managed. Residual Risk: Remains after mitigation attempts.

Federal Aviation Administration 60 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Risk Management The method used to control, eliminate, or reduce hazards. Unique to each individual based on skills, knowledge, training, and experience. A decision-making process designed to systematically identify hazards, assess risk, and determine the best course of action.

Federal Aviation Administration 61 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Risk Assessment 3 SM visibility — is it a risk? For a student pilot? 100 hr VFR-only private pilot? 500 hr IFR pilot flying in the mountains 1,000 hr IFR pilot with 5 hr experience in a glass cockpit? 1,500 hr ATP pilot flying in busy airspace? Photo AOPA Gallery

Federal Aviation Administration 62 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from A Simple Test Ask three basic questions: Is it legal? Is it safe? Does it make sense?

Federal Aviation Administration 63 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from FITS Website

Federal Aviation Administration 64 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from I’M SAFE Checklist

Federal Aviation Administration 65 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from FAASTeam CFI Workshop #5 Risk Management Questions? Comments? Ideas? Quiz time

Federal Aviation Administration 66 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Risk Management Question #1 Which of the following are hazardous attitudes? a) Tormenter b) Macho c) Recluse d) Quarrelsome

Federal Aviation Administration 67 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Risk Management Question #2 Effective workload management ensures that essential operations are accomplished by planning, prioritizing, and sequencing tasks. True or False?

Federal Aviation Administration 68 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Risk Management Question #3 Is it a “Hazard” or a “Risk” that is a present condition, event, object, or circumstance that could lead to or contribute to an unplanned or undesired event such as an accident?

Federal Aviation Administration 69 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Risk Management Question #4 An excellent tool in making good aeronautical decisions is the D.E.C.I.D.E model. What are the six attributes of the model? a) Detect, Estimate, Choose, Identify, Do, Evaluate b) Drop, Evacuate, Criticize, Indemnify, Decimate, Exacerbate c) Determine, Eliminate, Choose, Initiate, Divert, Evacuate d) None of the above Answers follow ~

Federal Aviation Administration 70 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Risk Management Question #1 Which of the following are hazardous attitudes? a) Tormenter b) Macho c) Recluse d) Quarrelsome Answer ~ b) Macho – Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

Federal Aviation Administration 71 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Risk Management Question #2 Effective workload management ensures that essential operations are accomplished by planning, prioritizing, and sequencing tasks. True or False? Answer ~ True – Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

Federal Aviation Administration 72 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Risk Management Question #3 Is it a “Hazard” or a “Risk” that is a present condition, event, object, or circumstance that could lead to or contribute to an unplanned or undesired event such as an accident? Answer ~ “Hazard” – Risk Management Handbook

Federal Aviation Administration 73 DPE Workshop January 31, 2013 Downloaded from Risk Management Question #4 An excellent tool in making good aeronautical decisions is the D.E.C.I.D.E model. What are the six attributes of the model? a) Detect, Estimate, Choose, Identify, Do, Evaluate b) Drop, Evacuate, Criticize, Indemnify, Decimate, Exacerbate c) Determine, Eliminate, Choose, Initiate, Divert, Evacuate d) None of the above Answer ~ a) Detect, Estimate, Choose, Identify, Do, Evaluate