Engineer : Yasmin Wazir Study Department Manager _ PEC Aden-Yemen إمكانات وآفاق توليد الكهرباء من مصادر الطاقة المتجددة في اليمن Potentials of Generating Electricity from Renewable Resource in Yemen المهندسة/ ياسمين وزير yasminwazir@yahoo.com مدير إدارة الدراسات / عدن– المؤسسة العامة للكهرباء – اليمن فبراير 2011 Engineer : Yasmin Wazir Study Department Manager _ PEC Aden-Yemen

Intriduction Production of electrical energy basically depends on the available resources and according to the demands. With the rapid grow of the electricity demands , the use of alternative sources of energy has become a must nowadays to overcome the high cost of normal sources (oil and gas) and their side effects on the environment . The wind and sun energy sources represent an important income for many countries depending on their geographical position.

Electricity In Yemen Electricity in Yemen depend mainly on oil ( Diesel , steam ,gas ) power station , the total available capacity of the national grid power stations is 1267 MWAT and the total small Diesel stations branches capacity is 295Mwat + the privet generation (purchase ) 10%

مصادر الطاقات المتجددة في اليمن مؤشرات الأحوال الجوية لعام 2006م Renewable Energy Recourses In Yemen مؤشرات الأحوال الجوية لعام 2006م Weather Forecast 2006 وحدة القياس Unit الأعلى Max الأدنى Min درجة الحرارة Temperature C 44.3 الرطوبة النسبية Humidity % 89 10 كمية سقوط الأمطار Rain fall مليمتر mm 415 0.1 سرعة الرياح Wind Speed عقدة knot 32 3.6

الإشعاع الشمسي المباشر مصادر الطاقات المتجددة الأساسية في دول الاسكوا Renewable Resources in ESCWA Countries الدولة الإشعاع الشمسي )ك.و.س/م2/يوم( Sun Rays (Kwh/m2/day) الإشعاع الشمسي المباشر Direct sun rays (kwh/m2/day) سرعة الرياح )متر/ثانية( Wind speed (m/sec) الكتلة الحية Bio mass مليون طن.م.ن./سنة Milon Ton.m. /year الاردن Jordan 5-8 5-7 5.5-7.5 0.74 الامارات UAE 3.5-4.5 o.33 دولة البحرينBahrain 4-6 6-7 5-6 0.14 سوريا Syria - 4.5-11 0.12 جمهورية العراق Iraq 6.3 سلطنة عمان Oman 0.47 فلسطينPalestine 3-5 0.015 دولة قطر Qatar 0.07 دولة الكويتKiewit 5-6.5 0.37 لبنان Lebanon 0.59 مصر Egypt 5-9 4-10 3.9 السعودية Saudi 6-8 4.5-6.5 3.0 اليمن Yemen 4-6.6 3.5

The application of Renewable energy التطبيقات الفعلية تعتمد على الطاقة الشمسية و بشكل محدود جدا Very limited application of sun energy in Yemen

Future of Renewable Energy in Yemen The investment in the renewable energy is very effective , however its income is not direct. The estimation of Wind energy is based on the wind map prepared for the wind energy project. Mountain areas that have more than 30% inclination were ignored. However, the costal line starting from Al-Hudaida to Abyan have big potentials for electricity production by wind energy ; the theoretical possibilities exceed 308 G.W. Unfortunately, from the wind map shown, around 60% of the possible areas can’t be utilized due to their location far away from the populated areas.

خارطة الرياح لليمن : توضح الإمكانية حسب المساحة ( W/m2)Yemen Wind Map according to (m2/w)

Yemen Wind Map : The possibility based on wind speed m/s

الإمكانية الاقتصادية المتاحة لإنتاج الطاقة بالرياح Economic Potential for Production of Electricity by Wind Energy Economic Potential MW Governorate Resource 19199 MW Wind energy 4813 (Abyan)أبين Coastal areas 475 Aden)) عدن 2540 (Lahej)لحج 5125 (Taiz) تعز 5094 Al Hodeidah) ) الحديدة 1152 Dhamar) ) دمار

Projects of Electricity Production By Wind Energy Based on the availability of technical potential, Taiz Governorate can be considered as one of the good areas that can produce (5000 MW), and according to wind turbine power curve (International Fig 1.35MW/km2), the total area required to produce this amount of energy is 3,683 km Al Mukha wind farm project is one of the main projects of Yemen which represents the most effective project of the renewable energy. This farm is allocated in 45 km2 area and with capacity of 60 MW with future extendable . The rating capacity of the turbine used is 2 MW and the average wind speed is 7 m/s as shown in the Power curve

Fig (1) General View of U88-2MW (IEC II A)

Fig (2) Power Curve Analysis of U88-2MW

Cost Summary of Al Mokha (60Mwh) Wind Farm Project Total US$ Unit Price US$ Qty Description   90,000,000 3,000.000 30 Material : Turbine 2MW Direct Cost 34,080,000 Construction (Civil,Elect) 5,140,000 Heavy Equipment Rental 129,220,000 Sub Total (A) Salary, Food, Temporary Facility, Custom Fee, Taxes O&M ,Spare parts Indirect Cost 21,261,605 Sub Total (B) 150,481,605 Total (A+B) US$

Conclusions The main advantage of the electricity generation by wind is that it does not expel harmful gases like (Co2) to the environment and hence it is an environment friend energy source. The wind energy main production cost is only the construction cost and it does not have running cost - unlike oil energy production. It represents most useful solution for the isolated areas electrification. Its losses is about 59% due to friction and heat, and the factors that affect the efficiency are the changes in the wind speed and differences in the air temperature. Nevertheless, the cost of the electricity generation by wind is yet not competitive with the oil resources generation and it needs more technical development to reduce the cost by 30% approx. In Yemen, using wind energy for production of electricity is still in the study, analysis and project preparation phase.

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