Diploma Engineering Sem I Om Engineering College, Junagadh. Active English Diploma Engineering Sem I English (3300002) Active Passive Prepared by I M KHAN (Asst. Prof. in English) Om Engineering College, Junagadh. www.imkeng.wordpress.com

Active / Passive Active (કર્તરી) Action done by the subject Action done by the object Example સુથાર ખુરશી બનાવે છે. (કર્તરી) ખુરશી સુથાર દ્વારા બને છે (કર્મણી)

Please Remember Identify the tense of a sentence from a verb Example: I write a letter I wrote a letter I shall write a letter Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense Simple Future Tense

Please Remember Identify the Subject of the sentence Example: I write a letter. who writes a letter? The answer is “I”, so it’s a subject…

Please Remember Identify the object in the sentence Example: I write a letter what do you / I write? The answer is ‘a letter’, so it’s the object….

Keys Verb shows you the tense of the sentence ‘who does an action?’ gives you the subject / doer of the action ‘What’ is being acted upon?’ gives you the object of the sentence.

Tenses & Syntax of AV & PV Simple (Present / Past / Future) AV: S + V + Ob PV: Ob + to be + V3 + by + Sub. Progreesive (Present / Past) AV: S + to be + V4 + Ob PV: Ob + to be + being + V3 + by + Sub. Perfect (Present / Past / Future) AV: S + to have + V3 + Ob PV: Ob + to have + been + V3 + by + Sub.

To be To have Verb Forms Present: Present: am / is / are have / has Past: was / were Future will be / shall be Present: have / has Past: had Future will have / shall have

Verb Form Table Tense To be To have Present Past Future am is are have has Past was were had Future will be shall be will have shall have

If the AV sentence is SIMPLE (Present / Past / Future) AV object will become PV subject Appropriate verb of ‘to be’ will come CLICK Past participle (V3) of root verb will come ‘by’ as conjunction will come AV subject will become PV object

They speak English Simple Present English is spoken by them Subject Action Verb Object English is spoken by them AV object will become PV subject am / is / are + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

They spoke English Simple Past English was spoken by them Subject Action Verb Object English was spoken by them AV object will become PV subject was/ were + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

They will speak English Simple Future They will speak English Subject Action Verb Object English will be spoken by them AV object will become PV subject will be / shall be + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

If the AV sentence is Progressive (Present / Past) AV object will become PV subject Appropriate verb of ‘to be’ will come CLICK ‘being’ will come after ‘to be’ verb Past participle (V3) of root verb will come ‘by’ as conjunction will come AV subject will become PV object

They are speaking English Progressive Present They are speaking English Subject Action Verb Object English is being spoken by them AV object will become PV subject am / is / are + being + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

They were speaking English Progressive Past They were speaking English Subject Action Verb Object English was being spoken by them AV object will become PV subject was / were + being + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

If the AV sentence is Perfect (Present / Past / Future) AV object will become PV subject Appropriate verb of ‘to have’ will come CLICK ‘been’ will come after ‘to be’ verb Past participle (V3) of root verb will come ‘by’ as conjunction will come AV subject will become PV object

They have spoken English Perfect Present They have spoken English Subject Action Verb Object English has been spoken by them AV object will become PV subject have / has + been + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

They had spoken English Perfect Past They had spoken English Subject Action Verb Object English had been spoken by them AV object will become PV subject had + been + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

They will have spoken English Perfect Future They will have spoken English Subject Action Verb Object English will have been spoken by them AV object will become PV subject will have / shall have + been + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

How will pronouns change? Active Passive I We You They He She It by me by us by you by them by him by her by it

Modal Auxiliaries will be changes as below Can Could May Might Shall Should Will Would Must Has to / have to Can be Could be May be Might be Shall be Should be Will be Would be Must be Has to be / have to be

I can write a letter A letter can be written by me Modal Auxuliaries AV object will become PV subject To be + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

We have to follow rules Rules have to be followed by us Modal Auxuliaries We have to follow rules Rules have to be followed by us AV object will become PV subject To be + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

Transitive & Intransitive Verb Verb with ‘object’ is a transitive verb. Verb that has no object is intransitive verb Example He draws a picture. (transitive) What does he draw?, ‘a picture’, so it’s an object Birds fly (intransitive) This verb ‘fly’ has no object so it’s intransitive

Intransitive Sentences cannot come to passive form Sentences without objects Underlined words are not object I am going to school. Birds fly in the sky They are coming today He is going at 5 PM Adverbial of place Adverbial of frequency Adverbial of time

Sentence with more than one object Sentence may have more than one object. In such cases, it can be turned into passive voice in two ways using two objects each time. Example I wrote a letter to my mother. First object : a letter Second object : my mother

I wrote a letter to my mother. More than one object I wrote a letter to my mother. Ob.1 Ob.2 A letter was written to my mother by me My mother was written a letter by me

We corrected the mistakes. Someone had stolen Narayan’s passport. WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a) They may ban the film. We corrected the mistakes. Someone had stolen Narayan’s passport. A mechanic is repairing my car. I have written a letter to the Vice President of the Company. Manners reveal character. Do you expect good result?

They may ban the film The film may be banned by them WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a) They may ban the film The film may be banned by them Object Subject

We corrected the mistakes. The mistakes were corrected by us WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a) We corrected the mistakes. The mistakes were corrected by us Object Subject

WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a) Someone had stolen Narayan’s passport. Narayan’s pasport had been stolen by someone Object Subject

A mechanic is repairing my car. My car is being repaired by a mechanic WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a) A mechanic is repairing my car. My car is being repaired by a mechanic Subject Object

WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a) Object Subject I have written a letter to the Vice President of the Company. A letter has been written to the vice president of the company by me

WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a) Subject I have written a letter to the Vice President of the Company. The vice president of the company has been written a letter by me Object

Manners reveal character. Character is revealed by manners WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a) Manners reveal character. Character is revealed by manners Subject Object

Do you expect good result? Is good result expected by you? WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a) Do you expect good result? Is good result expected by you? Subject Object

The monkeys threw stones at the dogs SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c) The monkeys threw stones at the dogs The policeman will catch the thieves soon. The students are writing their papers now. He has forgotten a speech now. The clerk did not give him proper information. My uncle was driving a car at that time. He can secure the first position in the college.

SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c) The monkeys threw stones at the dogs Stones were thrown at the dogs by the monkeys Subject Object

SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c) The policeman will catch the thieves soon. The thieves will soon be caught by the policeman Subject Object

SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c) The students are writing their papers now. Students’ papers are now being written by them. Subject Object

He has forgotten a speech now. A speech has now been forgotten by him SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c) Subject He has forgotten a speech now. A speech has now been forgotten by him Object

SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c) The clerk did not give him proper information. He was not given proper information by the clerk Subject Object

SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c) The clerk did not give him proper information. Proper information was not given to him by the clerk Subject Object

SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c) My uncle was driving a car at that time. A car was being driven at that time by my uncle Subject Object

SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c) He can secure the first position in the college. The first position in the college can be secured by him. Subject Object

Valmiki wrote the Ramayana. He has published the book recently. SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c) Valmiki wrote the Ramayana. He has published the book recently. She is making tea. They will open a new shop shortly. He can repair this machine. We should help the poor. Rama is reading a story.

Valmiki wrote the Ramayana. The Ramayana was written by Valmiki SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c) Valmiki wrote the Ramayana. The Ramayana was written by Valmiki Subject Object

SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c) He has published the book recently. The book has recently been published by him Subject Object

She is making tea. Tea is being made by her SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c) She is making tea. Tea is being made by her Subject Object

SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c) They will open a new shop shortly. A new shop will shortly be opened by them Subject Object

He can repair this machine. This machine can be repaired by him. SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c) He can repair this machine. This machine can be repaired by him. Subject Object

We should help the poor. The poor should be helped by us SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c) We should help the poor. The poor should be helped by us Subject Object

Rama is reading a story. A story is being read by Rama SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c) Rama is reading a story. A story is being read by Rama Subject Object

Active English (page no. 51 to 52) The book is written by him. He was writing a book. Himanshu was praised by his teacher. Somebody has given him a gift. The police will catch the criminal soon. He writes the book. A book was being written by him. Himanshu’s teacher praised him. A gift has been given to him by somebody. The criminal will soon be caught by the police.

Active English (page no. 52) Hema can make a cake. She is invited to the party. He will be called for an interview. Kalpesh had finished his homework before you went to his house. They are playing cricket in the ground. A cake can be made by Hema. They invite her to the party. The company will call him for an interview. Kalpesh’s homework had been finished by him before you went to his house. Cricket is being played by them in the ground.

Active English (page no. 52) Columbus discovered America. The children are playing cricket in the garden now. I have written a letter to the Vice President of the Company. Police catch thieves. I was buying a doll for my daughter when you called me. America was discovered by Columbus. Cricket is now being played by the children in the garden. A letter has been written by me to the Vice President of the Company. Thieves are caught by police. A doll was being bought by me when I was called by you.

Active English (page no. 52) You should open the door as we feel suffocated here. She will cook the food for the guests next Sunday. I had discovered new places in Goa before any one reached there Manners reveal character. They refused admission to Rajat. The door should be opened by you as we feel suffocated here. The food will be cooked by her for the guests next Sunday. New places had been discovered by me in Goa before any one reached there. Character is revealed by manners. Rajat was refused admission by them.

Active English (page no. 53) I expect a good result. The girl has given a brilliant performance on the stage. Sachin hit eight sixes in the last ODI match. He can secure the first position in the exam. I am not reading a book right now. A good result is expected by me. A brilliant performance has been given on the stage by the girl. Eight sixes were hit in the last ODI match by Sachin. The first position can be secured by him in the exam. A book is not being read now by me.

I.M.Khan..