Accelerated World History AUGUST 26, 2015

Warm-Up: August 26, 2015 Which of the following was invented in India? A.the phonetic alphabet B.modern numerals C.the civil service system D.paper

Agenda ◦Warm Up ◦Review Indus River Valley (Video) ◦Chinese River Valley ◦SPRITE ◦Chapter 2, Section 3 & 4 Guided Reading Don’t forget! ◦Reading – Chapter 2 (Guided Reading due Friday, August 28th)

Review Indus River Valley

Essential Question How does the way you think affect how you live?

Chinese River Valley

China

China began along the Yellow (Huang He) & Yangtze Rivers in the North China Plain; Only 10% of China is suitable for farming The Yellow River flooding was unpredictable & was called “China’s Sorrow” because its floods often destroyed entire villages

China was protected & isolated from outsiders by deserts & the Himalayan Mountains The Chinese referred to themselves as the “Middle Kingdom” & rarely traded with outsiders

Lasting Contributions ■ Advanced Cities: – Like other river valley civilizations, cities in China had high walls for protection – But, Chinese buildings were made of wood rather than brick or stone

Lasting Contributions Specialized Workers: ◦? Unlike other river valley civilizations, the Chinese held peasants higher than artisans or merchants because they produced food

Lasting Contributions Government: ◦Like Egypt, China was ruled by families called dynasties ◦Ruler’s justified their power by claiming Mandate of Heaven (approval of the gods)

Lasting Contributions Government: ◦Kings could lose the Mandate of Heaven & be overthrown by a new king, called the Dynastic Cycle

Lasting Contributions ■ Government: – China was also ruled by the ethical system, Confucianism – Confucianism focused on filial piety (respect for elders) – Confucius taught social order through 5 key relationships: 1) ruler-subject 2) father-son 3) husband-wife 4) brother- brother & 5) friend-friend – These ideas were written down in The Analects

Confucian Analects Confucius says: Do not do unto others, what you would not want others to do to you Confucius says: If you make a mistake and do not correct it, this is called a mistake Confucius says: He who rules through virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it

Confucius would tell rulers to “Lead by example”

Yin and Yang Daoism – people gain happiness & peace by living in agreement with the way of nature. True harmony comes from balance. Yin = shaded, Yang = sunlit. Good v. Bad Beauty v. Ugliness Pleasure v. Pain

Laozi says... “Governing a large country is like frying a small fish. You spoil it with too much poking.” or “Be weak. Let things alone.”

Legalism Philosophy advocating the need for clear and strict laws as necessary to control human nature

Legalism in Action Civil servants – punished for doing a poor job. People caught criticizing the govt. should be banished. For example... Anyone caught outside his own village without a travel permit should have their ears or nose chopped off.

Set clear laws and harshly punish those who disobey them.”

Lasting Contributions Religion: ◦Chinese believed in ancestor worship, that the spirits of family ancestors should be honored & consulted

Lasting Contributions Writing: ◦Chinese characters stood for words but the 10,000 characters made it hard to learn to write

Lasting Contributions Technology: ◦Cast iron tools & weapons ◦Standardized coins ◦The Grand Canal connected north & south China

The Great Wall was built to protect China from invasions from the North

1,10,10

River Valley SPRITE

Chapter 2, Section 3 & 4 GUIDED READING

Exit Ticket Via your own paper or Socrative (MRSSWORLDHISTORY): Of the four river valley civilizations, where would you want to live if you could travel back in time? Support your answer with 4 (yes, four!) facts from your notes or reading. Write in COMPLETE SENTENCES!