 Sit in the seat that matches the number on your tongue depressor. Then…  Put your name on the tongue depressor and decorate it any way you like (make sure your name is easy to read)

 We know something is alive if it…

1. Where can you find absent work? 2. How long do you have to hand in absent work (including labs)? 3. Where should you put absent/late work? 4. Where is the no-name basket? 5. Where will you find class handouts? 6. When are iPods allowed? 7. When are phones allowed?

1. Where can you find absent work? On the SWIFT website 2. How long do you have to hand in absent work (including labs)? 2 weeks 3. Where should you put absent/late work? In the top basket in the front 4. Where is the no-name basket? on top of the file cabinet 5. Where will you find class handouts? In front on the bookshelf 6. When are iPods allowed? When you are working individually 7. When are phones allowed? Never… unless you get special permission from me

 Biology consists of more than memorizing factual details  Themes help to organize biological information Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

 To introduce you to the main themes of Collegeboard  By the end you should have an idea of what each theme means and give one example.

 Science as a process  Evolution  Energy transfer  Continuity and change  Relationship of structure to function  Regulation  Interdependence in nature  Science, technology, and society

 What is the definition of Science?

 The word Science is derived from Latin and means “to know”  But… science is not just an accumulation of facts, it is a process.

 “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution”— Theodosius Dobzhansky  Organisms living on Earth are modified descendents of common ancestors Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

 “Unity in diversity” arises from “descent with modification” ◦ For example, the forelimb of the bat, human, cat and the whale flipper all share a common skeletal architecture Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

 Work requires a source of energy  Exchange between an organism and its environment often involves energy transformations ◦ EX: Light, chemical, kenetic, or thermal  Energy flows through an ecosystem, usually entering as light and exiting as heat

Fig. 1-5 Sunlight Ecosystem Heat Cycling of chemical nutrients Producers (plants and other photosynthetic organisms) Chemical energy Consumers (such as animals)

 Species maintain themselves by passing DNA down from generation to generation  Genetic mechanisms lead to change over time.

Nuclei containing DNA Sperm cell Egg cell Fertilized egg with DNA from both parents Embryo’s cells with copies of inherited DNA Offspring with traits inherited from both parents Fig. 1-9 Theme: Continuity and Change

 Structure and function of living organisms are closely related ◦ For example, a leaf is thin and flat, maximizing the capture of light by chloroplasts

(a) Wings (c) Neurons (b) Bones Infoldings of membrane Mitochondrion (d) Mitochondria 0.5 µm 100 µm Fig. 1-6

 Feedback mechanisms allow biological processes to self-regulate  Negative feedback means that as more of a product accumulates, the process that creates it slows and less of the product is produced ◦ Ex. thermostat  Positive feedback means that as more of a product accumulates, the process that creates it speeds up and more of the product is produced ◦ Ex. Exponential growth (more babies will result in more babies)

 Organisms in nature interact and depend on each other. ◦ Ex. Grazing animals rely on plants for food while many plants rely on animals to disperse their food. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

 Scientific research leads to technological advances that can have a positive or negative impact on society. ◦ Ex. the human genome project lead to the identification of many genes but also has led to issues such as DNA discrimination. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Fig. 1-11