Chapter 1 Intro to Computer Department of Computer Engineering Khon Kaen University

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 2 Major Concepts Computer usage in several professions Physical parts of a computer system Four kinds of a computer hardware Two major categories of software Four common types of available computer nowadays

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 3 What is a Computer? A computer is an electronic device used to process data Computers have become so fundamental to modern society What would happen if our society do not have computers? How can we make the computers do work for us?

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 4 Computers in a Daily Life Computerized scanners Computerized card readers

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 5 Computers for Health Care Diagnosing surgery Assisting surgery

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 6 Computers for Space Program Remote controlling robots, rockets, and satellites

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 7 Computers for Construction Using CAD (Computer-Aided Design) tools

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 8 Computers for Manufacturing Manufacturing with computers and robotics (Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM))

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 9 Major Concepts Computer usage in our lives Four parts of a computer system Four kinds of a computer hardware Two major categories of software Four common types of computers

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 10 A Computer System Have four common parts Hardware (HW) (computer) Any part pf computer you can touch Software (SW) (programs) Sets of instructions that tell HW what to do Data (information) Raw facts the computer can manipulate People (users)

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 11 Overview of Computer System

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 12 Major Concepts Computer usage in our lives Four parts of a computer system Four kinds of a computer hardware Two major categories of software Four common types of computers

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 13 A Computer Hardware The computer hardware has many parts, but each falls into one of four categories: Processor Memory Input and output devices Storage devices

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 14 Hardware Devices

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 15 Processor Processor: the brain of a computer Organizes and carries out instructions Processing: the procedure that transforms raw data into useful information Uses two components: processor & memory Processor Consists of one or more microprocessors: electronic devices

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 16 Processor in a Computer

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 17 Central Processing Unit (CPU) CPU refers to a computer processing hardware, whether it consists of a single chip or multiple chips.

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 18 Memory The computer’s electronic scratch pad Programs are loaded into and run from memory Data used by a program is also loaded into memory for fast access The most common type of memory is called RAM (Random Access Memory)

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 19 RAM

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 20 Memory Measurement The base unit for describing a computer’s memory is “byte” Kilobytes (KB) = 1024 bytes ~ 1,000 bytes Megabytes (MB) = 1024 x 1024 bytes ~ 1,000,000 bytes Gigabytes (GB) = 1024 x 1024 x 1024 bytes ~ 1,000,000,000 bytes

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 21 Input Devices Accept data and instructions from user

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 22 Output Devices Return processed data back to the user

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 23 Input and Output Devices Some types of hardware can act as both input and output devices Touch screen is an example The most common types of devices that can perform both input and output devices are Communication devices: connect one computer to another – a process known as networking

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 24 Storage Devices A device to hold the data files and the program files Storage vs. memory More room in storage than in memory Memory speed is faster Storage is much cheaper than memory Magnetic disks: the most common storage medium Floppy disk, hard disk

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 25 Storage Devices (Cont.)

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 26 Magnetic Disks Hard Disks Floppy Disks

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 27 Hard Disks There are two read/write heads on each access arm The read/write head accessing disk

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 28 Major Concepts Computer usage in our lives Four parts of a computer system Four kinds of a computer hardware Two major categories of software Four common types of computers

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 29 Software When a computer is using a particular program, it is said to be running or executing that program Two major categories of software: System software, i.e., operating system Application software

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178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 31 Operating Systems Tell the computer how to interact with the user and how to use devices Start running from the computer is turned on until the computer is turned off Some of example operating systems Windows Linux Mac OS X

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 32 Operating Systems (Cont.) The computer goes through steps to prepare itself to run user’s application Step 1. Self-test: identify and check computer devices. Initiated by a system software located in Read-Only Memory (ROM). Step 2. The computer runs the OS program Step 3. The user can issue commands to the computer

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178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 34 Application Software A program that helps people accomplish specific tasks Thousands of application are available; however, some major categories are: Word processing and spreadsheets Database management software Multimedia, graphic and presentations Entertainment and education Communication

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 35 Word Processing Example: Microsoft Word

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 36 Spreadsheets Example: Microsoft Excel

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 37 Data Management Software Example: Microsoft Access

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 38 Graphic Example: Microsoft Paint

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 39 Presentations Example: Microsoft PowerPoint

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 40 Major Concepts Computer usage in our lives Four parts of a computer system Four kinds of a computer hardware Two major categories of software Four common types of computers

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 41 Types of Computers These four different types of computers have different capabilities Supercomputers Mainframes Minicomputers Microcomputers All these types of computers can be connected together to form networks of computers

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 42 Supercomputers The most powerful computers Process huge amounts of data, model of complex processes, and simulate the processes Nuclear fission Air pollution Weather forecast Cost upwards of $20 millions

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 43 Mainframe Computers For many people in a large organization who need frequent access to the same information which is organized into one or more huge databases In the past, mainframe computers occupied the entire rooms But now, a typical mainframe computer looks like an unimposing file cabinet Cost is from $35,000 to many millions

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 44 Minicomputers The capabilities of a minicomputer lies somewhere between those of mainframes and those of personal computers Minicomputers can handle much more input and output than personal computers can The major minicomputer manufacturers include DEC, Data General, IBM, and HP Cost is from $18,000 to $500,000

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 45 Microcomputers The terms microcomputer and personal computer are interchangeable Microprocessors, memory chips, and storage devices keep Making gains in speed and capability Their physical size and price remain stable or in some cases are reduced The price of PC is affordable by most people, thus PC is widely used

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 46 PCs: Desktop Models

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 47 PCs: Notebook Models

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 48 PCs: Tablet Models

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 49 PDA: Personal Digital Assistant

178110: Computer Programming (II/2546) 50 Phone + Computer