Creating the Next Generation of Advanced Biofuels Feedstocks Dr. Jonathan J. Burbaum Program Director, ARPA-E PETRO April 24, 2014

The ARPA-E Mission Ensure America’s ‣ National Security ‣ Economic Security ‣ Energy Security ‣ Technological Lead Catalyze and support the development of transformational, high-impact energy technologies

The ARPA-E Approach time cost / performance existing learning curve new learning curve tipping point transformational transformational & disruptive Transformational & disruptive technologies that lead to new learning curves. Steam-powered Cugnot (1769) Benz Motorwagen (1885) Ford Model T (1914)

What Makes an ARPA-E Project? BRIDGE ‣ Translates science into breakthrough technology ‣ Not researched or funded elsewhere ‣ Catalyzes new interest and investment IMPACT ‣ High impact on ARPA-E mission areas ‣ Credible path to market ‣ Large commercial application TRANSFORM ‣ Challenges what is possible ‣ Disrupts existing learning curves ‣ Leaps beyond today’s technologies TEAM ‣ Comprised of best-in-class people ‣ Cross-disciplinary skill sets ‣ Translation oriented

Focused Programs 5 Transportation Energy Technologies Stationary Energy Technologies Solar ADEPT REMOTE RANGE MOVE PETRO Electrofuels BEETIT GRIDS IMPACCT GENI ADEPT METALSSBIR/STTRREACTAMPEDHEATS BEEST FOCUS SWITCHES

Reaching the PETRO goals ‣ Yield: 160 GJ  Ha -1  year -1 (2X corn EtOH) ‣ Energy Density:>26 MJ  L -1 (EtOH) ‣ Cost:< $10  GJ -1 ($50  BOE -1 ) ‣ Multiple approaches can meet metrics ‣ Breeding capability becomes critical – Natural “trait” stacking; Elite lineages – Measurement of gene synergy Metabolic engineering Optimizing Photosynthesis CO 2 sugars pyruvate CO 2 CBB Heritable Traits

Tracking carbon through biofuel production From Borak, JB, Ort, DR & Burbaum, JJ,Curr Op in Biotech, 2013

8 Current paths are inefficient From Borak, JB, Ort, DR & Burbaum, JJ,Curr Op in Biotech, 2013

PETRO HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY CROPS FOR BIOFUELS Goals To reduce biofuel production costs To increase energy yields per acre of land To recycle atmospheric CO 2 Highlights Develop pine trees that will accumulate 20% of their biomass as high energy terpene molecules Develop tobacco that produces oil directly, together with high planting density agriculture Introduce multiple metabolic pathways into oilseed crops to significantly improve photosynthesis Mission Develop non-food crops that directly produce transportation fuels to be cost-competitive with petroleum without impact on U.S. food supply. Program Director Dr. Jonathan Burbaum Year2011 Projects10 Total Investment $62 Million

Crop feedstocks being developed Oilseed (Oilseeds  Switchgrass) U of Florida (loblolly pine ) Trees C 4 Grasses (sugarcane, sorghum) (sorghum) (sorghum, sugarcane) Other (tobacco) (tobacco, Arundo donax) (energy beet) (switchgrass)

Terpene-Enhanced Pine Increase storage capacity for turpentine/fuel molecules Increase the production of fuel molecules from 3% to 20% by weight Loblolly pine The Technology: The Impact: Tapping pine trees “Bolt-on” to an existing industry Potential to produce 100 million gallons of fuel per year from less than 25,000 acres of forestland

Vegetative production of oil cane and sorghum (PETROSS) Converting sugarcane and sweet sorghum from sugar to oil producing crops, which can be processed using sugarcane mill crushing technology to release the oil. Improving photosynthetic capacity and cold tolerance will increase growing ranges in the U.S.

Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement ‣ Purpose: To guide program and regulators after ARPA-E ‣ Quantitative impact with public input versus base case ‣ Covers a variety of plants expressing energy traits ‣ Initial region: Southeastern U.S. ‣ Formally addresses regulatory & societal risks from PETRO

Plant Biotechnology Journal 24 OCT 2013 DOI: /pbi % DW TAG × 9 tons per acre =48 GJ  ha -1  y -1 …vs. soybean = 17 GJ  ha -1  y -1 …vs. corn=80 GJ  ha -1  y -1 Can tobacco be an energy crop?

Contacts Jonathan Burbaum, Program Director David Lee, SETA Support T. J. Augustine, T2M Support