Agricultural Development in Pakistan Waqar Akram Visiting Fulbright Scholar, SIBA, Pakistan Advisor Dr Shida Henneberry Director of the Master of International Agriculture Program Regents Professor of Agricultural Economics Don & Cathey Humphreys Chair in International Studies

Pakistan at Glance Area 796,095 km 2 Created 14 th Aug 1947 GDP $237Billion Population 188 million Rural 113 million Four Provinces Muslims 97 percent Languages Urdu and English(business) Semi-industrialized 26 th largest in terms of purchasing power 45 th largest in terms of NGDP Nuclear power

Agriculture Resources Total area 79.6 million hectares, cultivated area 21.2 million hectares the rest of the territory is rangelands. Cropped area 23.8 million hectares, forests – 4.21 million hectares. Irrigation system 80 percent best canal system Livestock and fisheries 11% & 0.4% Five Rivers Indus Valley (Sindh River) 2700Km long Dams Tarbela (1976) and Mangla (1967)

Primitive Agriculture 1950’s!  Agriculture growth ( ) Average 1.43 percent  Population growth ( )Approximately 3 percent  Wheat and rice as cereal crops wheat staple food (62 percent food calories)  Contribution to GDP 53.2 percent  Labor force in Agriculture 65.3 percent

Transformation of Agriculture (Green revolution )  Introduction two phases;  First phase ( /5)  Irrigation facilities (tube wells-25,000 and canal water)  Second Phase ( ) Dr Norman E Borlaug (Nobel Prize-1970)Dr Norman E Borlaug  HYV (Wheat-Maxi-Pak, Wheat and Maize Institute Mexico)(Rice-IRRI, Philippines) and fertilizer  Resounding success  Wheat production increased 91 percent  Rice production increased 141 percent  Agriculture growth ( ) highest 10 percent

Agriculture, livestock and value addition

Agriculture Contribution to Economy

Rosy picture  Chickpea (2nd)  Rice (4th)  Cotton (4th)  Mango (4th)  Sugarcane (5 th)  Milk (5th)  Date Palm (5th)  Apricot (6th)  Kinnow, Mandarin Oranges, Clementine (6th)  Onion(7th)  Wheat (7th)

Dark Picture

Rural – The neglected sector in Pakistan’ s Development Strategy  62% of the population is rural  High incidence of rural poverty (39%?!)  High agricultural growth appears to have coincided with rising poverty levels  Recognition that non-farm sector growth is necessary to address rural poverty  Share of household income from rural non-farm activities is growing SJ Malik 2014

Striking Example for opportunities !

One Example: Potential Gains from Increases in Crop Yield Major Crops – $60.5 Million Potential Gain CROP GAIN from reaching achievable yields Billion $.% Cotton Sugar Cane Rice Maize Wheat Source: Pakistan Agricultural Research Council Estimates

Get gains from Value addition approach for example processing, packaging, and marketing

Government is not an Answer!

Grab the opportunity and rise as Agri-prepreneurs of Pakistan

Thanks.

References and material taken from  Sanderatne, Nirmal, `Land Owners and Land Reforms in Pakistan`,in Ali,Karamat,op.cit.,  Mohammad,Moazam,`The Pattern of Adoption of Green Revolution Technology and its Effects on Landholdings in Punjab`, in Ali,Karamat,op.cit., 1986  Khan, Masood Hasan, Classes and Agrarian Transition in Pakistan`, Ali,Karamat,op.cit.,  Burki,Shahid Javed, `The Development of Pakistan's Agriculture: An interdisciplinary Explanation`, in Stevens, Robert D., et al.(eds) Rural Development in Bangladesh and Pakistan, University Press of Hawaii, Honolula,  Dr S J Malik 2014 Seminar on growing economic problems of Pakistan  Akbar Zaidi S 2004 Issues in Pakistan Economy, Published by Oxford University press