Slide 1 <Myung Lee, Yong Liu, Chunhui Zhu, Xuhui Hu, Taekyoung Kwon >

Slide 2 Criteria Considered User level requirements MAC level requirements PHY level requirements

Slide b Bluetooth ( ) Axonn Battery life LongShortModerate Transmit-only: longer then 2-way 10 year at 3 minute interval Cost $5$5$20-25 $12-15 Intended cost <<$10/chip, including radio, processor and stack, excluding the antenna (Jens Parts cost 4$, Cost includes: 20 dBm output Sleep timer Xtal, RF Xtal, Antenna, EEROM CPU W/ application interface, I/O interface DC-DC converter for single battery operation Measures bat life under load, Watch dog Magnetic loop programming User Level

Slide b Bluetooth ( ) Axonn Xmission range Indoor: 250 Kbps; +0 dBm TX Outdoor: 30m typ, up to dBm, dBm Indoor: +20dBm, 2.2dBi diversity ant. Outdoor: +20dBm, 2.2dBi diversity Indoor: 720kbps; +0 dBm TX Outdoor: 30m 100m using class 1 radio (Jens Hult) Indoor: KB/s (20 dBm) Outdoor: 2400 m Data Rate 1, 2, 5.5, 11Mbps1 Mbps 19.4 Kb/s, 58.2 Kb/s, 116 Kb/s User Level (cont.)

Slide bBluetoothAxonn Data Latency* (ms) ^N [N=0,1..14] Beacon Interval 1.024N [N=1,2…2^16 -1 ] Beacon Interval Ms on short message (Latency must at least equal message length if the CRC is checked, also suggest publish the time instead of “short/long”) Security MAC level security MAC level + SEQ # Message length Up to 113 bytesUp to 2304 bytes Up to 343 bytes Up to263.5 bytes Sensors per access point 65536Not specified 7 (active) 255 (Parking mode) Not specified Code size 4KB for RFD 30KB for FFD KB2KB standard RAM size 300B for RFD 4KB for FFD 150KB256 B User Level (cont.) * Setup time is not considered

Slide b BluetoothAxonn CSMABeaconDCFPCF MAC Mechanism CSMA/CA CSMA/CA+ TDMA in GTS CSMA/ CA CSMA/CA+Pol ling FHSS+Polling (TDD) Standard Aloha with Abort (2-way devices support CSMA, poll-respond, and Xmit-listen for ACK) Association NoYesNoYes Optional Disassociation NoYesNoYes Optional Orphaning/ Reassociation NoYesNoYesNo Data Reliability Yes (MAC ACK) Channel Scan Yes YES Frequency Agility Yes NoYes MAC Level

Slide b BluetoothAxonn CSMABeaconCSMAPCF Sleeping Mode NoYesNoYes Reserved Channel NoYesNoYes Link Quality Indication Yes Synchronization* NoYesNoYes MAC Level (cont.) * TDMA mode

Slide bBluetoothAxonn Data Reliability In-band PG: 13 dB Fading margin req for specified 900 MHz: GHz: 33 dB In-band PG: 10 dB Fading margin required for specified BER: 33 dB In-band PG: 10 dB Fading Margin for specified BER :33 dB In-band PG 18 dB Fading margin required for specified BER: 10 dB (900 Mhz) Provides impulse noise rejection Xmit-only devises reject local noise (2-way devices can be jammed) Superior range provides overlapping receiver coverage Min. RX Sensitivity (dBm) 2.4 GHz PHY:-85 dBm 868/915 MHz: -92 dBm (adding a 20 dBm LNA will significantly reduce jam margin) -80 dBm-70 dBm-110 dBm at 19.2 Kbps Min. adjacent channel rejections (dB) 2.4 GHz / 915 MHz: 0 dB; 868 MHz: N/A >35 dB065 dB to 90 3 MHz PHY Level

Slide bBluetoothAxonn Max. Frequency tolerance (± ppm) ± 40 ppm± 25 ppm± 30 ppm40 PPM RX Synch. Preamble (  s) 32 bits (868 MHz: 1600μs; 915 MHz: 800μs; 2.4 GHz: 128μs) 128 bits (144  s) 68 bits (68  s) 92 bits (4740  s) Also provides: Antenna diversity Impulse noise reject Freq channel search Correlation peak optimization Xtal frequency error removal RX  TX turnaround time (  s) 12 symbol (868MHz: 600  s; 915MHz 300  s; 2.4 GHz:192  s) 5μs, 10μs220μsInstant: Xmit –only system PHY Level (cont.)

Slide bBluetoothAxonn Power consumption 60mW active 5, 60, 2000μW sleep 1.5W active, 45 mW sleep 75mW active, 60  w sleep 500 mW Active out), 15 uW sleep Frequencies MHz MHz; GHz; GHz 902 MHz ~ 928 MHz 2.4 – 2.48 GHz RF Channels 2.4GHz PHY: 16 channels; 915 MHz PHY: 10 channels 868 MHz PHY: 1 channels FHSS: 79 channels DSSS: 11 channels FHSS: 79 channels 8 (each spaced 3 MHz apart) Spread Spectrum direct sequenceFHSS/DSSSFHSS Direct Sequence + freq agile Error Detection 16 bit CRC 32 bit CRC (frames), 16 bit CRC (headers) 16bit CRC, 1/3 and 2/3 FEC 16 or 32 bit CRC + 1 bit ECC PHY Level (cont.)

Slide bBluetoothAxonn Chip Rate 868 MHz : 300 Kc/s; 915 MHz : 600 Kc/s; 2.4 GHz : 2.0 Mc/s 11Mc/s1Mc/s1.22 Mc/s Carrier Modulation 868/915MHz; BPSK; 2.4 GHz:O-QPSK FHSS: GFSK DSSS: DBPSK/DQPSK GFSKOOK/BPSK Bit Error ~SNR 0.2 dB (2.4 GHz) ~SNR 1.0, 4.5, 3.5, 7.0 dB 1, 2, 5.5, 11 Mb/s} SNR 12.5 dB1X10-3 Wireless networking standard (if used) ZigBeeWiFi Bluetooth SIG no Transmit Only nodes No Yes Max TX Power (mW) 1000 mW Regulatory Limit FHSS: 100 mW DSSS: 1000 mW Regulatory Limit 100mW Regulatory Limit 100 mW Typ, 1 W FCC limit PHY Level (cont.)

Slide 12 Sources IEEE Std IEEE Draft P /D18, February-2003 Specification of the Bluetooth System, vol. 1, December-1999 Axonn, “AUTOMATION SERIAL PROTOCOL (RF System Level Requirements)”, Document# P Prop3, Document# P Prop3A, March, 2003 “Direct input” from Britton Sanderford at Axonn, June 2003 Junko Yoshida, “ Specs near Completion for ZigBee Wireless Scheme,” EE Times, August 2002 Kenneth D. Cornett, “A Proposal for the IEEE Wireless Smart Sensor Standard”, Document# P Prop2, March, 2003 Michael R. Moore and Stephen F. Smith, Kang Lee, “The Next Step — Wireless IEEE 1451 Smart Sensor Networks”, Sensors Magazine, SEPTEMBER 2001