Reproduction Unit

Male Reproductive System  Puberty - period of growth when secondary sex characteristics appear.  Puberty begins when a male begins to secrete:  Testosterone, a hormone that produces male secondary sex characteristics  Puberty - period of growth when secondary sex characteristics appear.  Puberty begins when a male begins to secrete:  Testosterone, a hormone that produces male secondary sex characteristics

Male Secondary Sex Characteristics  Increase in height  Increase in perspiration  Growth of underarm hair  Growth of pubic hair  Broader shoulders  Increase in height  Increase in perspiration  Growth of underarm hair  Growth of pubic hair  Broader shoulders  Deepened voice  Increase in muscle mass  Increase in size of reproductive organs  Formation of sperm

Male Reproductive System  These characteristics may not appear all at once. They will vary from person to person.  Reproductive System - organs in the body involved in producing offspring  These characteristics may not appear all at once. They will vary from person to person.  Reproductive System - organs in the body involved in producing offspring

Penis  Penis: 1, E  Male sex organ  Used for reproduction  Used for urination  Penis: 1, E  Male sex organ  Used for reproduction  Used for urination

Urethra Penis Testicle Scrotum Epididymis Vas Deferens Cowper’s Gland Prostate Gland Seminal Vesicle

Testes  Testes: 2, I  2 glands  Produce testosterone & sperm cells  Testes: 2, I  2 glands  Produce testosterone & sperm cells

Urethra Penis Testicle Scrotum Epididymis Vas Deferens Cowper’s Gland Prostate Gland Seminal Vesicle

Scrotum  Scrotum: 1, E  Sac-like pouch  Holds testes  Regulates testicle temperature so that healthy sperm are created  Scrotum: 1, E  Sac-like pouch  Holds testes  Regulates testicle temperature so that healthy sperm are created

Urethra Penis Testicle Scrotum Epididymis Vas Deferens Cowper’s Gland Prostate Gland Seminal Vesicle

Epididymis  Epididymis: 2, I  Structure on top of the testes  Where sperm mature  “Sperm School”  Epididymis: 2, I  Structure on top of the testes  Where sperm mature  “Sperm School”

Urethra Penis Testicle Scrotum Epididymis Vas Deferens Cowper’s Gland Prostate Gland Seminal Vesicle

Vas Deferens  Vas deferens: 2, I  2 long, thin tubes  Passageway for sperm  Stores sperm  Vas deferens: 2, I  2 long, thin tubes  Passageway for sperm  Stores sperm

Urethra Penis Testicle Scrotum Epididymis Vas Deferens Cowper’s Gland Prostate Gland Seminal Vesicle

Seminal Vesicles  Seminal Vesicles: 2, I  2 small glands  Secretes sugary fluid  Helps sperm to swim / provides energy to sperm  Seminal Vesicles: 2, I  2 small glands  Secretes sugary fluid  Helps sperm to swim / provides energy to sperm

Urethra Penis Testicle Scrotum Epididymis Vas Deferens Cowper’s Gland Prostate Gland Seminal Vesicle

Prostate Gland  Prostate Gland: 1, I  Produces fluid to keep sperm alive  Balances the pH of the fluid  Prostate Gland: 1, I  Produces fluid to keep sperm alive  Balances the pH of the fluid

Urethra Penis Testicle Scrotum Epididymis Vas Deferens Cowper’s Gland Prostate Gland Seminal Vesicle

Cowpers Glands  Cowper’s Glands: 2, I  2 small glands  Secretes fluid that cleans out urethra before sperm move through  Cowper’s Glands: 2, I  2 small glands  Secretes fluid that cleans out urethra before sperm move through

Urethra Penis Testicle Scrotum Epididymis Vas Deferens Cowper’s Gland Prostate Gland Seminal Vesicle

Urethra  Urethra: 1, I  Narrow tube  Sperm and urine exit body here  Urethra: 1, I  Narrow tube  Sperm and urine exit body here

Urethra Penis Testicle Scrotum Epididymis Vas Deferens Cowper’s Gland Prostate Gland Seminal Vesicle

Other Vocab  What exits the body is referred to as:  Semen: mixture of sperm and fluids from seminal vesicles, prostate gland, & cowpers glands  Ejaculation: Semen moving out of the penis & out of the body. Series of muscular contractions.  What exits the body is referred to as:  Semen: mixture of sperm and fluids from seminal vesicles, prostate gland, & cowpers glands  Ejaculation: Semen moving out of the penis & out of the body. Series of muscular contractions.

Sperm  Sperm – male sex cells  Boys are not born with any sperm, they begin to produce it once they produce testosterone.  Each sperm contains:  1. Head: contains the nucleus (“brain of the cell”)  2. Mid-piece: wrapped in mitochondria (energy for cell)  3. Tail: a flagellum for movement (to swim)  Sperm – male sex cells  Boys are not born with any sperm, they begin to produce it once they produce testosterone.  Each sperm contains:  1. Head: contains the nucleus (“brain of the cell”)  2. Mid-piece: wrapped in mitochondria (energy for cell)  3. Tail: a flagellum for movement (to swim)

REVIEW!  Trip Story  Bananagrams  Worksheet  Wordsearch  Checkers  QUIZ  Trip Story  Bananagrams  Worksheet  Wordsearch  Checkers  QUIZ

 Seminal Vesicles *Cowper’s Gland  Vas Deferens *Epididymis  Ejaculation *Scrotum  Sperm *Semen  Penis *Testes  Urethra *Prostate Gland  Seminal Vesicles *Cowper’s Gland  Vas Deferens *Epididymis  Ejaculation *Scrotum  Sperm *Semen  Penis *Testes  Urethra *Prostate Gland

Female Reproductive System

 At puberty, females produce the hormone, estrogen  Produces female secondary sex characteristics:  Increase in height  Increase in perspiration  Growth of underarm hair  Increase in breast size  At puberty, females produce the hormone, estrogen  Produces female secondary sex characteristics:  Increase in height  Increase in perspiration  Growth of underarm hair  Increase in breast size

Female Secondary Sex Characteristics continued…  Widening of hips  Increase in size of reproductive organs  Beginning of menstruation  Formation of mature ova (eggs)  Widening of hips  Increase in size of reproductive organs  Beginning of menstruation  Formation of mature ova (eggs)

Funny Comic

Ovaries  Ovaries: 2, I  2 glands  Produce estrogen and ova  Ova - female reproductive cells  Also called “eggs”  Ovaries: 2, I  2 glands  Produce estrogen and ova  Ova - female reproductive cells  Also called “eggs”

Fallopian Tubes  Fallopian Tubes: 2, I  2, four inch long tubes  Ova move from the ovary to the uterus along these tubes  90% of the time fertilization (sperm finds egg) here  Fallopian Tubes: 2, I  2, four inch long tubes  Ova move from the ovary to the uterus along these tubes  90% of the time fertilization (sperm finds egg) here

Uterus  Uterus: 1, I (womb)  Receives and supports a fertilized ova during pregnancy  Fertilized = egg (ova) + sperm  Where baby develops over 9 months  Muscular and elastic organ (Muscle- helps to push baby out during delivery)  (Elastic- has to stretch as baby develops)  Uterus: 1, I (womb)  Receives and supports a fertilized ova during pregnancy  Fertilized = egg (ova) + sperm  Where baby develops over 9 months  Muscular and elastic organ (Muscle- helps to push baby out during delivery)  (Elastic- has to stretch as baby develops)

Cervix  Cervix: 1, I  Lower part of the uterus  “Pin-hole” opening - menstrual flow leaves through this opening  Opening dialates (widens) when the baby is ready to be born  Connects to the vagina  Cervix: 1, I  Lower part of the uterus  “Pin-hole” opening - menstrual flow leaves through this opening  Opening dialates (widens) when the baby is ready to be born  Connects to the vagina

Vagina  Vagina: 1, I (also called the birth canal)  Connects the uterus with the outside of the body  Muscular and elastic tube  Where baby passes through to be born  Passageway for menstrual flow  Vagina: 1, I (also called the birth canal)  Connects the uterus with the outside of the body  Muscular and elastic tube  Where baby passes through to be born  Passageway for menstrual flow

VIDEOS!  Brainpop!  Reproductive System  Adolescence  Puberty  Hormones  Brainpop!  Reproductive System  Adolescence  Puberty  Hormones

Menstrual Cycle  *Occurs about once a month*  3 Steps:  1. Ovulation  2. Changes in uterus lining  3. Menstrual flow  *Occurs about once a month*  3 Steps:  1. Ovulation  2. Changes in uterus lining  3. Menstrual flow

Step 1:  Ovulation – release of a mature egg (ova) from an ovary.  (There are 2 ovaries, but usually only one of them release an egg each month)  This may not occur on the same day each month – it is not felt.  Ovulation – release of a mature egg (ova) from an ovary.  (There are 2 ovaries, but usually only one of them release an egg each month)  This may not occur on the same day each month – it is not felt.

Step 2:  Lining of uterus builds up with blood (oxygen & nutrients to “feed” developing baby)  Takes about 28 days to build up the lining.  Lining of uterus builds up with blood (oxygen & nutrients to “feed” developing baby)  Takes about 28 days to build up the lining.

Step 3:  If there is no sperm united with an egg = NOT pregnant & body doesn’t need extra lining  Menstruation – or “period”, the time during which the menstrual flow leaves the body.  Menstrual flow = unfertilized egg & lining of uterus  If there is no sperm united with an egg = NOT pregnant & body doesn’t need extra lining  Menstruation – or “period”, the time during which the menstrual flow leaves the body.  Menstrual flow = unfertilized egg & lining of uterus

Menstrual flow  Average length of menstrual flow = 5 days (takes a long time b/c menstrual flow leaves through cervix, or “pin-hole” opening)  The menstrual flow may NOT occur every 28 days! ESPECIALLY in teens! Your body has not practiced this routine & it may take awhile to get used to it – this is NORMAL! It may take several months before you can calculate the # of days between your periods.  It is important to remember that a female can become pregnant at ANY TIME during the menstrual cycle!  Average length of menstrual flow = 5 days (takes a long time b/c menstrual flow leaves through cervix, or “pin-hole” opening)  The menstrual flow may NOT occur every 28 days! ESPECIALLY in teens! Your body has not practiced this routine & it may take awhile to get used to it – this is NORMAL! It may take several months before you can calculate the # of days between your periods.  It is important to remember that a female can become pregnant at ANY TIME during the menstrual cycle!

REVIEW!  Big Race story  Where Willy Went story  Worksheet  QUIZ  Big Race story  Where Willy Went story  Worksheet  QUIZ

VIDEOS!  Brainpop!  Babies  Period  Brainpop!  Babies  Period