Globalisation & Architecture INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Moscow 17 Oct 2010 Architecture: “rethinking sustainability” Gaëtan Siew UIA Imm P President

The World : Three attitudes INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Sustainable development? Why ? Awareness Economic reasons Survival

The World : Three attitudes INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS COP 15 Awareness 5,7°C Impossible Copenhagen, Denmark people 4°C Divergence3°C Satu quo. Too ambitous2°C Could be better.1°C Possible

The World : Three attitudes INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS N Stern report It’s not too late Climate change has serious impacts over growth & development Stabilising costs are manageable Delay can be more costly and dangerous Action must be global – from all countries Bonaire, Netherland Antilles Economic reasons KYOTO Right to emit Joint implementation Clean development mechanism 1 Hectare of coral reef = to 1 million US$/year revenue in leisure and tourism = to US$ for protection

The World : Three attitudes INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Climate refugees Bangladesh Survival m m NIMBY? N ot I n M y B ack Y ard China 30% of health costs from environmental diseases

The World : Contrasting Territories INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS The world 2007 : > 50% urban population Monster or sustainable cities ? Sao Paulo, Brazil An Urban World Population m Tokyo 35.2 Mexico 19.2 New York 18.7 Sao Paulo 18.3 Bombay 18.2 Delhi 15.0 Shanghai 14.5 Calcutta 14.3 Jakarta 13.2 Buenos Aires 12.5 GUP b € Tokyo New York Los Angeles 639 Paris 460 Chicago 460 Londres 452 Osaka-Kobe 341 Mexico 315 Philadelphia 312 Washington 299

The World : Contrasting Territories INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS 3 % The world Population – : 15% of EU population from Africa Delocalisation v/s immigration Nomades, Mali A Mobile World Hanoi, Vietnam

The World : Contrasting Territories INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS 2,8 billions poor in 2008 Inequalities North- South Jodhpur, India Rich / Poor

The World : Contrasting Territories INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Young / Old Global illnesses 90 % of y old in developing countries in 2025 Young and poor Old and rich India: 140 m old and poor North : Diabetes – Heart South: Aids - Malaria Chatting Hangzhou Chatting New York

The World : Contrasting Territories INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Tertiary Education Competing cities Braindrain Knowledge Competition

The World : Contrasting Territories INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS 6,5 billions population 5,2 billions mobiles 4,5 billions radios 3,5 billions tv 1,6 billion computers 0,5 billion facebook Digital Fracture

World Regionalisation INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Refuge Blocks: Sovereignty – Free Trade Diversity Regionalisation

INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Emerging nations BRIC 2008 : FDI billions US$ Multinationals World Finance Civil Society NGOs Global Players : Networks Power Global Entreprises Exxon – BP – Toyota - Nokia Vectors of norms

Global Players : Networks Power INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Identity v/s Globalisation Territories Fusion Transnational Integrate diversity Religion politics

INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS 6700 Languages in the world Universality of essential values Diversity of cultural expressions Individual and Culture Global Players : Networks Power

INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS 2008 :World Heritage and Sites Cultural Exception – UNESCO v/s WTO Machu Pichu, Peru Individual and Culture Global Players : Networks Power The past is not a monument but an art of living

INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Sensitivity and Representation 2008: 3187 au UN - ECOSOC Plural NGOs Global Players : Networks Power Sensitivity and Representation OXFAM : 120 countries – 3000 partners Greenpeace: 2,9 m members WWF: 97 countries – 4,7 m members Amnesty Int’l : 150 countries – 2,2 members UIA: 125 countries – 1,5 m architects Fez, Morocco

INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Real time information CNN – Al Jazeera – France 24 ? Valencia, Spain Technology power Global Medias Global Players : Networks Power

Our Future: Global Governance and Civil Societies INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS 2007: 923 millions hungry Obesity and Famine Produce and/or Eat Nations buying land overseas especially for agriculture Saudi Arabia in Tchad S Korea in Ethiopia

Our Future: Global Governance and Civil Societies INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Fossil energy dependency Energy use Transport almost solely dependent on petrol (air and sea) Consumption stabilised in Europe and Japan Still increasing in USA, India and Brazil Exploded in China Renewable energies

Our Future: Global Governance and Civil Societies INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Access to water and desalination 1,5 b – No access to potable water 9 countries = 60 % water world reserve Environment Degradation

Our Future: Global Governance and Civil Societies INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Carbon emissions Kyoto Protocol Climate Challenges CO2 Emissions tons/person Qatar48.3 Bahrein27.0 Emirates25.9 Koweit25.7 Luxembourg23.6

Our Future: Global Governance and Civil Societies INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS WTO : member states USA + EU = 40% of World Trade World Trade Regulation Fair Trade?

Our Future: Global Governance and Civil Societies INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS United Nations Global issues – Global solutions Protection of Collective Assets United Nations World Governance

New political vision to embrace all aspects of the profession INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Future Lessons Work Science & Technology Culture Environment When wealth and world assets are shared Forced or natural Depending on our desire of solidarity Stability – Water finds its own level Globalisation/Crisis = Danger + Opportunity 危 机危 机 Reconcile Unite Adopt Tame Pacify are signs and acts of civilisation Learning to live together. Reconcile Unite Adopt Tame Pacify are signs and acts of civilisation Learning to live together.

Shi Shei Gratias Obrigado Merci Spasiba Thank you Shoukran INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Gaëtan Siew Imm P President