Aftermath of World War II Dealing with Enemies – Old and New
Germany Unconditional surrender May 8, 1945 Morgenthau Plan Dismemberment Demilitarization Deindustrialization
Potsdam Plan Four occupation zones Some land to Poland Denazification Expulsions
Nuremberg Trials Death Martin Borman (Nazi Party Secretary) Wilhelm Frick (authored Nuremberg Laws) Hermann Göring (Hitler’s Second) Joachim von Ribbentrop (Foreign Minister) Prison Rudolph Hess (Hitler’s Deputy) Albert Speer (Hitler’s Architect)
Japan Unconditional Surrender August 9, 1945 US Occupation Gen. MacArthur No military
Japanese War Crimes Trials At surrender over 500 officers commit suicide Emperor is exonerated; remains figurehead About 900 tried and executed – mostly for treatment of Allied prisoners
The United Nations Dumbarton Oaks, 1944 Major Features Yalta, 1945 Expanded membership San Francisco, 1945 United Nations Charter
The United Nations HQ: New York City Money donated by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Security Council Five “permanent” members have veto US, UK, France, Russia, China 1946: League of Nations is dissolved
Eleanor Roosevelt Appointed by Truman as UN Delegate Instrumental in creating Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)