1 Perceptual Set A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another. What you see in the center picture is influenced by flanking pictures. From Shepard, 1990.

ONLY THE LEFT SIDE OF THE ROOM SHOULD LOOK AT THE NEXT SLIDE… READY?

STUDY THIS COSTUME PARTY POSTER

ONLY THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE ROOM SHOULD LOOK AT THE NEXT SLIDE… READY?

STUDY THIS POSTER FOR A TRAINED SEAL ACT

In the picture was there: 1.An automobile 2.A man 3.A woman 4.A child 5.An animal 6.A whip 7.A sword 8.A man’s hat 9.A ball 10.A fish

Perceptual (set) Habit:

Past experience helps us “fill the rest in” XXX XARMER PLOWED THE FIXXX XXX XRACTOR WAS IN THE BXXX Fascinating fairytales of faraway lands are the fertilizer for the fructification of the creative minds of the future.

Only the Left Side Look

Only the right side look

LEFT SIDE OF ROOM: UNSCRAMBLE THESE LETTERS CDKU GPI YKMNEO AEP

RIGHT SIDE OF ROOM: UNSCRAMBLE THESE LETTERS ROCN ROCRAT NBAE AEP

ROCN ROCRAT NBAE AEP CDKU GPI YKMNEO

18 (a) Loch ness monster or a tree trunk; (b) Flying saucers or clouds? Perceptual Set Other examples of perceptual set. Frank Searle, photo Adams/ Corbis-Sygma Dick Ruhl

Gestalt Max Wertheimer The Whole is more than the sum of its parts. The “Law of Prägnanz” – (simplicity)

Form Perception Figure-Ground Ambiguous Figure

Can you Find the Hidden Tiger

Perceptual Grouping Proximity Similarity Continuity Connectedness Closure

Proximity

Similarity

Continuity

Connectedness

Closure

Depth Perception Monocular Cues – Depth cues that can be seen using only one eye – Relative Size – Overlap/Interposition – Aerial Perspective – Texture Gradient – Linear Perspective – Motion Parallax

Relative Size

Overlap/Interposition

Aerial Perspective

Texture Gradient

Linear Perspective

Motion Parallax

Perception of Motion Induced Motion (Karl Duncker) – Imagine sitting in a train and the there is a train next to yours. When the other train moves, at first it might feel that your train is moving backwards. Stroboscopic Motion – Cartoon

Phi Phenomenon

Perceptual Constancy Size Size – The ability to retain size no matter where it is located. – Things get smaller with more distance despite its change on the retina! Color Color – Decide color, visual network works on its own. – Increases or decreases Shape / Brightness Shape / Brightness – fixed even if retina’s image changes – Rods/ cones compensate Space Space – Self vs. object motion Hold things steady, in order to maintain control, to make sense out of environment. Hold things steady, in order to maintain control, to make sense out of environment. Influenced by experience. Influenced by experience.

Depth Perception (Binocular Depth Cues) Binocular (retinal) disparity – Images from your 2 eyes differ

This is the one where you use a tube to make it seem that there is a hole in your hand. You look at something 15 feet away while looking through the tube. Then bring you other hand up in front of your other eye not looking through the tube.

47 Binocular Cues Convergence: Neuromuscular cues. When two eyes move inward (towards the nose) to see near objects and outward (away from the nose) to see faraway objects.

Sensory Interaction Senses work together – Vision and vestibular sense When our sense of vision and our vestibular sense do not match up = Sickness – Taste and Smell – Hand/Eye Coordination – Vision and proprioceptors

49 Perceptual Adaptation Visual ability to adjust to an artificially displaced visual field, e.g., prism glasses. Courtesy of Hubert Dolezal

STROOP EFFECT EASY DIRECTIONS: REPORT THE COLOR OF EACH ITEM. DO NOT SAY THE WORD.