 Essential Question:  How did religion influence the social reforms in the United States during the early and mid 1800s?

 Revivals or religious camp meetings were popular  Missionary work  Temperance movement: movement to ban the manufacture and sale of alcohol

 Most schools were poorly funded  Many teachers lacked training  Many were not allowed to attend school including girls and African Americans  Higher education became more readily available and teacher education training became more popular

 Deaf and visually impaired  Dorthea Dix  Educated the public about poor conditions for prisoners and the mentally ill

 Transcendentalists  Thinkers and writers who stressed the relationship between humans and nature and individual conscience  Harriet Beecher Stowe – Uncle Tom’s Cabin  Novel that explores the injustice of slavery  Henry David Thoreau  Walt Whitman  Emily Dickinson  Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

 How did religion influence the social reforms in the United States during the early and mid 1800s?

 Essential Question:  How did abolitionists influence the antislavery movement?

 Efforts began before the Revolutionary War  Quakers  American Colonization Society transported African Americans to Liberia

 Reformers realized that a gradual approach to end slavery had failed  Cotton boom increased the number of enslaved workers in the South  William Lloyd Garrison started the antislavery newspaper The Liberator  Called for the immediate freeing of enslaved people  Led to formation of the American Anti-Slavery Society  The Grimke sisters collected firsthand accounts of life under slavery

 Mostly living in poverty in Northern cities  Abolition of slavery was very important to free African Americans in the North  Challenged African Americans to rebel and overthrow slavery

 Born as a slave in Maryland  Taught himself to read and write  Escaped to Massachusetts in 1838  Powerful speaker who traveled widely  Newspaper editor for anti-slavery newspaper  1847 – Friends helped him purchase his freedom from the slaveholder from whom he fled

 Born a slave in New York  Escaped in 1826 and was officially freed in 1827  Traveled throughout the North speaking of her experiences during slavery  Active supporter of women’s rights movement

 Some abolitionists risked prison or even death by helping African Americans escape slavery  Underground Railroad  Passengers travelled at night on foot to the North  Rested in barns, basements and attics during the day  Conductors were whites and African Americans including Harriet Tubman  Helped only a small fraction of enslaved people but offered hope

 Threatened South’s way of life  Felt African Americans could never blend into society  Threat to the nation’s social order  Feared it could begin a war between the North and the South  Northerners didn’t want to lose their jobs to emancipated workers  Led to violence against African Americans and abolitionists

 Argued that they treated enslaved workers well  Claimed Northern factory workers were worse off than slaves  System of slavery provided food, clothing and medical care  Many believed that African Americans were better off under white care than under their own (racism)

 How did abolitionists influence the antislavery movement?

 Essential Question: What were the effects of the women’s rights movement of the middle to late 1800s?

 Women organized to win equal rights  Lucretia Mott (Quaker)  Enjoyed some equality in her community  Elizabeth Cady Stanton  Fought for women’s right to vote (suffrage)

 First women’s rights convention (1848)  Issued a Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions  Called for an end to laws that discriminated against women  Demanded women be allowed to enter the all-male world of trades, professions and businesses  Called for suffrage (right to vote)

 Susan B. Anthony  Worked for women’s rights and temperance  Equal pay  College training for girls  Coeducation – teaching of males and females together  Organized the Daughters of Temperance  Worked closely with Elizabeth Cady Stanton

 In some states, women gained the ability to own property after their marriage  Some states permitted divorced women to share the guardianship of their children  Indiana allowed women to seek divorce if their husbands were chronic users of alcohol

 Elizabeth Blackwell  Graduated first in her class as a doctor from Geneva College  Women remained limited by social customs and expectations  Long struggle to achieve their goal

Suffragist MovementAbolitionist Movement

 What were the effects of the women’s rights movement of the middle to late 1800s?