David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, Searching for New Physics at Super B, The Super Flavor Factory David Hitlin Fermilab Colloquium November 19, 2008

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, Q&A  Is there a motivation to continue e + e - flavor physics studies with a Super B factory beyond the B A B AR /Belle/(LHC b ) era ?  Yes – provided that new measurements have sensitivity to New Physics in b, c and  decay  What size data sample is required to provide this sensitivity ?  ab -1 ( B A B AR +Belle total sample is <2 ab -1 )  What luminosity is required to gather a sample of this size in five years ?  At least cm -2 s -1  Can an asymmetric collider with this luminosity be built ?  Yes, using an innovative new approach: a low emittance collider, based on concepts developed for the ILC damping rings, and employing a new type of final focus – a “crabbed waist”. The machine is called Super B  Can a detector be built that can withstand the machine backgrounds ?  Yes. The beam currents are less than those at PEP-II and KEKB  In this era of increasing energy prices, can you pay the power bill ?  Yes. The wallplug power, 17MW, is less than half that of KEKB (40-60mw) and comparable to that of PEP-II

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, Super B One Pager  Super B is a Super Flavor Factory with very high initial luminosity, 10 36, which can be upgraded to 4x10 36 in a straightforward manner  It is asymmetric : 4 on 7 GeV  Most of the ring magnets can re reused from PEP-II, as can the RF systems, many vacuum components, linac and injection components – as well as B A B AR as the basis for an upgraded detector  The high energy beam can be linearly polarized to ~85%, using the SLC laser gun  This is particularly important for confronting New Physics in  decays  The primary E CM will be the  (4S), but Super B can run elsewhere in the  region, and in the charm &tau threshold regions as well, with a luminosity above  One month at the  (3770), for example, yields 10x the total data sample that will be produced by BEPCII  Super B will be built on the campus of the Rome II University at Tor Vergata  There is an FEL already in early stages of construction on the site  Tunneling will continue to dig the Super B tunnel, funded by Regione Lazio  Time scales  (Successful) conclusion of the European Roadmap process (INFN, ECFA, CERN Strategy Group) by the end of 2008, followed by INFN  Ministry  TDR effort is beginning: construction 5 years : luminosity in 2015

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, What have you been smoking ?  The EPP2010 report regarded flavor physics (or indeed most things we actually know how to measure) as uninteresting  The recent P5 report is much more realistic  It recommends, in Scenario B and above, US participation in an overseas Super B factory  There are two proposals on the market  SuperKEKB, an upgrade of KEKB  Super B, a new low emittance collider, with a luminosity of >10 36, to be built at Rome II University “Tor Vergata”, using many PEP-II components  This talk will concern Super B 320 signers 80 institutions

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, Primary physics objectives of a Super Flavor Factory  Perform measurements in the flavor sector such that:  If new particles are discovered at LHC we are able to study the flavor structure of the New Physics  If the New Physics scale is beyond the reach of the LHC, explore the New Physics scale More specifically  Are there new CP -violating phases in b,c or  decay ?  Are there new right-handed currents ?  Are there new loop contributions to flavor-changing neutral currents  Are there new Higgs fields ?  Is there charged lepton flavour violation (LFV) ?  Is there new flavor symmetry that elucidates the CKM hierarchy ?  What are the requirements for a detector that can address these questions in a asymmetric e + e - environment ?

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, Charm FCNC Charm mixing and CPV B Physics:  (4S)  Physics B s Physics:  (5S)

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, Many SM extensions yield measurable effects in flavor physics Extra dim w/ SM on brane Supersoft SUSY breaking Dirac gauginos SM-like flavor physics Observable effects of New Physics MSSM MFV low tan  Generic Little Higgs Generic extra dim w SM in bulk SUSY GUTs Effective SUSY MSSM MFV large tan  after G. Hiller Little Higgs w/ MFV UV fix

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, SPS-9 SPS-8SPS-7 SPS-6 SPS-5 SPS-4 SPS-3 SPS-2 SPS-1 Ghodbane and Martyn

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, The Unitarity triangle constraints

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, SuperB + Lattice improvements Interplay between metrology and New Physics sensitivity Today  = ±  = ±  = ±  = 0.344± Improving the precision of Unitarity Triangle measurements, along with reducing theoretical uncertainties, can provide evidence for New Physics

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19,

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19,

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, LHC Super B Squark mass matrix ( d sector)

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, Probes of New Physics  In the Standard Model we expect the same value for “sin2  ” in modes, but different SUSY models can produce different asymmetries  Since the penguin modes have branching fractions one or two orders of magnitude less than tree modes, a great deal of luminosity is required to make these measurements to meaningful precision ~ b u,c,t s b d,s,b s W - H -  - g,  0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, There are penguin and tree corrections to these penguins   Corrections of up to 20% corrections for sin2β are possible These corrections can be calculated and/or bounded Gold Silver Bronze x10 -6

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19,

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, Many channels can show effects in the range  S~( ) New Physics in CPV: sin2  from “s Penguins”… SuperB (*) theory limited dd s b W-W- B0dB0d t s s  K0K0 g s b b s ~ ~ ~ X

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, Statistical errors on CP asymmetries Current precision B A B AR measurement errors 10 to 50 ab -1 are required for a meaningful comparison yields 15 ab -1 /year Five year total: 75 ab -1

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, B   K 0 at 50/ab with present WA value J/  K 0 K0K0

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19,

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, SPS4 is ruled out by exp value of B (B  s  ) SPS1a is the least favorable for flavor effects, but Super B and only Super B can observe 2  deviations in several observables Minimal Flavor Violation : SNOWMASS points

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19,  is measured with a significance >3  away from zero Arg(  23 ) LR =(44.5± 2.6) o = (0.026 ± 0.005) 1 10 g s b b s ~ ~ ~ New Physics contribution (2-3 transitions) MSSM + generic soft SUSY breaking terms Flavor-changing NP effects in the squark propagator  NP scale SUSY mass  flavor-violating coupling X

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, Why do we need a very large sample >75ab -1 ? Im (  13 ) LL Re (  13 ) LL SM Exhibit A: Determination of coupling [in this case : (  13 ) LL ] with 10 ab -1 and 75 ab -1

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, Exhibit B: SM Branching fractions: Current  10ab -1  75ab -1 Actual limit

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, Polarization at Super B  The Super B design includes a polarized electron beam  SuperKEKB does not, and cannot, have a polarized beam  Spins must be vertical in the ring  spin rotators at the IP  Solenoid spin rotators appear best  36.6 Tesla-meters for 90  spin rotation in the LER e.g. 2.5 Tesla x14.66 meters with 30x10 6 ampere-turns  Expected longitudinal polarization at the IP: 87%(injection) x 97%(ring)=85%(effective) 25

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, polarized e- beam: reduced background, improved sensitivity Very important order of magnitude  Complimentarity with    e  A Super Flavor Factory is also a  factory Lepton Flavor Violation

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, LFV in t decays: Super B capability Super B sensitivity directly confronts many New Physics models BABAR Super B sensitivity For 75 ab -1

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, CMSSM :   e  vanishes at all SPS points MVF-NP extensions :   e  vanishes as s 13  0    is independent of s 13 LFV 2 5  disc B B

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, B (     M 1/2 SuperB SO(10) MSSM LFV from PMNS LFV from CKM Beyond MFV SUSY GUT now Super B J.K.Parry, H.-H. Zhang hep-ph/ Allowed by  m s From B s phase now Super B

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19,

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19,

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, Flipping the helicity of the polarized electron beam allows us to determine the chiral structure of dimension 6 four fermion lepton flavor-violating interactions Polarized t ’s can probe the chiral structure of LFV Dassinger, Feldmann, Mannel, and Turczyk JHEP 0710:039,2007; [See also Matsuzaki and Sanda arXiv: [hep-ph]

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, CP Violation in charm NOW Super B

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, The pattern of deviation from the SM values is diagnostic Model B d Unitarity Time-dep. CPV Rare B decay Other signals mSUGRA (moderate tan) ---- mSUGRA (large tan ) B d mixing - B → (D)*  b → s l + l − B s →  B s mixing SUSY GUT with R - B →  K S B → K ∗  - B s mixing  LFV, n EDM Effective SUSY B d mixing B →  K S A CP (b→s  ) b → sl + l − B s mixing KK graviton exchange -- b → sl + l − - Split fermions in large extra dimensions B d mixing - b → sl + l − mixing Bulk fermions in warped extra dimensions B d mixing B →  K S b → sl + l − B s mixing mixing Universal extra dimensions -- b → sl + l − b → s  K → 

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, A Super B Factory is a DNA chip for New Physics

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, SuperKEKB SuperB

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, How to increase luminosity Increase beam currents Decrease  y * Decrease bunch length HOM in beam pipe – heating, instabilities, power costs Increased detector backgrounds Increased chromaticity –smaller dynamic aperture Increased RF voltage –Capital and operating costs, instabilities Brute force approach But... SuperKEKB approach

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, Current Super B Parameters Beam-beam transparency conditions in red SuperKEKB (0.4) | | (24) IP beam distributions for KEKB IP beam distributions for SuperB (without transparency conditions)

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19,

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, Length 20 m Circumference ~1800 m Length 280 m HER nb: polarization insertion not modeled in this version

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, Low emittance rings are not exotic

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, Crabbed waist beam distribution at the IP Crab sextupoles OFF Crab sextupoles ON waist line is orthogonal to the axis of bunch waist moves to the axis of other beam All particles from both beams collide in the minimum  y region, with a net luminosity gain E. Paoloni

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19,

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, RF (cavities, klystrons,.....) + vacuum components + accelerator expertise + B A B AR L mag (m) PEP HER PEP LER SuperB HER SuperB LER SuperB Total Needed L mag (m) PEP HER-194 PEP LER194- SuperB HER-130 SuperB LER22418 SuperB Total Needed300 SuperB uses many PEP-II components Why not do this at SLAC as an upgrade of PEP-II? This is sufficiently logical that it must be happening in another part of the multiverse, But, apparently, not in our sector Dipoles Quadrupoles Sextupoles L mag (m) PEP HER/LER188- SuperB HER/LER3724 Needed1844

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19,

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19,

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19,

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19,

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19,

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19,

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, SuperB Experimental Hall & Transfer Line - +

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, Super B luminosity profile Peak Integrated 160 ab -1 in ten years ~100 x combined B A B AR +Belle data sample Peak luminosity can be upgraded to 2.5x10 36 (conservatively)

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, An upgrade of B A B AR works well at Super B Straightforward R&D on SuperB upgrade components is underway R&D for a detector that can function in the SuperKEKB environment, a much more difficult problem, is also underway

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, EDIA [my] Labor [my] M&S [k€] Net replacement value [k€] Accelerator ,166126,330 Site (Lazio region) ,7000 Detector ,74746,471 How much will SuperB cost? From the SuperB CDR Costs are presented “ILC-style”, with replacement value for reusable PEP-II/ B A B AR components Value of reusable items from PEP-II and B A B AR Disassembly, crating, refurbishment and shipping costs are included in columns to the left

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19,

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, Schedule Four year construction, preceded by 2-3 years of design and prototyping, which overlaps organizational and funding activities

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, INFN International Review Committee Report Members: H. Aihara, J.B. Dainton (chair), R. Heuer (to Nov 07), Y. K. Kim, J. Lefrançois, A. Masiero, S. Myers (for April 08), T. Nakada (RECFA from April 08), D. Schulte, A. Seiden Conclusions ● Strongly recommend continuation of work for cm -2 s -1 asymmetric e + e - collider ● Even more concerted effort to fully evaluate physics potential ↔ machine specifications ● Major design program to establish credibility of machine now critical ← showstoppers ? ● Machine Advisory Committee (MAC) now essential ● Preservation of detector and PEP2 components ● Increasing global involvement if timescale for a TDR is to be met

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, The review and approval process for Super B  INFN commissioned an International Review Committee, for the CDR, chaired by John Dainton to report on the physics objectives the detector concept and the machine H. Aihara (Tokyo), J. Dainton (Liverpool), R. Heuer (DESY), Y.-K, Kim (Fermilab), J. Lefrancois (Orsay), A. Masiero (Padova), S. Myers(CERN), D. Schulte (CERN), A. Seiden (UC Santa Cruz)  The report, issued in May, was strongly positive. Excerpts: “……….. the step change in luminosity which SuperB brings, makes possible measurements that are crucial to our comprehension of the physics which is behind the Standard Model. In some cases, for example if dynamic issues are at a multi-TeV energy scale, measurements at SuperB may provide the only window on this physics.” “There are issues which arise because of the huge luminosity at SuperB and the need to improve detector performance in the face of the experimental challenge of precision measurements. R&D is already underway where appropriate, and, given the timescale foreseen by the SuperB collaboration, it is important to maintain, and where possible to accelerate, this work to a conclusion, so as to enable the appropriate decisions for the experiment to be taken in a timely fashion.” “The importance of taking forward the design of the SuperB machine expeditiously requires a growing investment in the accelerator physics and engineering R&D work. This growth in both scope and volume of in-depth evaluation requires the oversight of an expert Machine Advisory Committee (MAC).”

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, The Mini-MAC  In response to the Dainton report, INFN commissioned a Machine Advisory Committee, chaired by Jonathan Dorfan Klaus Balewski (DESY), John Corlett (LBNL), Jonathan Dorfan (SLAC, Chair), Tom Himel (SLAC/on sabbatical at DESY), Claudio Pellegrini (UCLA), Daniel Schulte (CERN), Ferdi Willeke (BNL), Andy Wolski (Liverpool), Frank Zimmermann (CERN)  From the closeout: “Very exciting project - Committee is exhilarated by the challenge” “Imaginative and ambitious design - Committee endorses the design approach. Design does offer flexibility to either raise the luminosity or compensate for surprises” “Committee considers the SINGLE MOST ESSENTIAL ingredient for moving forward is the formation of a sanctioned management structure which formally incorporates a dedicated machine design team” “The Committee sees no glaring showstoppers wrt achieving the design performance. However, in several key areas, more work is needed before the design can be blessed” “The Committee, in consultation with the SuperB team, established a list of topics that are essential for the team to address before the Mini-MAC will be in a position to state with confidence that the machine can achieve its physics goals. It is the Committee’s opinion that these items can be prioritized in such a way that the machine feasibility can be judged six months from now” “Local food is excellent”

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19, ECFA, CSG  After a presentation to ECFA, a Super B subcommittee chaired by Tatsuya Nakada was formed  Report to be presented at next RECFA meeting on Nov. 28  Presentation to CERN Strategy Group is anticipated in December  If these milestones are passed successfully, next step is to formally seek funding from the Italian ministry and the EU  INFN has formally requested the PEP-II and B A B AR components from SLAC and DOE  Approval will be contingent on European funding decisions

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19,  High statistics flavor physics at an e + e - collider will likely provide information crucial to the understanding of new physics found at LHC  The data sample needed is in the range ab -1  Super B, with an initial luminosity of cm -2 s -1 can provide such a sample in the canonical five years  The low emittance crabbed waist design of Super B allows  Very high luminosity with a power bill less than existing machines  Detector backgrounds that can be coped with using existing technology  A longitudinally polarized electron beam that facilitates measurements of or searches for, t EDM, CPV and anomalous moment  The capability of running at lower center-of-mass energies  The achievable levels of sensitivity in rare b, c and t decays allow substantial coverage in the parameter space of new physics  There is, of course, overlap with the programs of LHC flavor experiments such as LHC b, but the e + e - environment makes possible a substantial number of unique and important physics objectives, especially in those areas most sensitive to new physics, such as LFV, FCNC, decays involving (multi) neutrals, mixing and CPV, …..  We are working towards a turn-on date of 2015 or 2016 Conclusions

David Hitlin Fermilab Nov. 19,