The meanings of Non-past Form Description of the present state Description of a definite future Personal will Pointing out principles or nature of things Description of rules, regulation, and habits Description of procedures

Description of the present state Kodomo ga imasu. Child S there is There is a child.

Description of a definite future Kaigi wa juu-ji ni hajimarimasu Meeting T ten o’clock at begin The meeting will start at ten’oclock.

Personal will Atarashii kaisha de isshookenmei hatarakimaasu New company at hard work I will work hard at a new company.

Pointing out principles or nature of things Mizu wa sesshi reido de korimasu Water T centigrade zero degree at freeze Water freezes at zero degree centigrade.

Description of rules regulations, and habits Maiasa hachipji ni kaisha e ikimasu Every morning eight o’clock at company to go Every morning I go to the office at eight

Description of procedures Tamanegi wa usuku kirimasu Onion T thinly slice Onions are sliced thin.

Exercises: Change the following basic form v to formal/polite form, negative polite, simple past, negative past. Use the ff. verbs to a senstence Iru – exist suteru- to throw Au – meet deru – to go out Asobu – to play neru – to sleep Arau – to wash dekiru – to do Utau – sing kotaeru – to answer Okuru – send kiru – to wear Okoru – to be angry matsu – to wait Okiru – to get up motsu – to possess Shinjiru – to believe morau- to receive Ageru – to give odoru – to dance

I-type adjectives Atarashii- new Atatakai- warm (pleasant) Atsui – hot Atsui – thick, heavy Isogashii – busy Utsukushii- beautiful Oishii – delicious Ooi – many much Ookii- big Osoi – late, slow Omoshiroi – interesting, funny

I-adjectives Kibishii – strick, demanding Kurai – dark Sabishii – lonely Samui – cold Subarashii- splendid Sukunai – little, few Semai – narrow Suzushii- cool Takai – tall, expensive Chiisai- small Tsumetai – cold (touch) Tooi- distant, far

Comment on the following using I adjectives Time – early, late Exam – difficult, long, short Cake – delicious, expensive, small, large

Kyoshitsu no shijino kotoba Hajimemashou Owarimashoi Yasumimashou Wakarimasuka (hai wakarimau, iie, wakarimasen) Mou ichido Kekko desu Tame desu Namae Shiken, shukudai Shitsumon, kotae, rei

Suuji (numbers) 0 - Zero, rei 1 - Ichi 2 - Ni 3 - San 4 - Yon, Shi 5 - Go 6 - Roku 7 - Nana, shichi 8 – Hachi 9 - Kyuu, ku 10 - juu